Laser ablation in liquids for nanomaterial synthesis: diversities of targets and liquids

Abstract

The demand is growing for new nanoscience-based technologies with unique properties that are different from traditional wet-chemical techniques. In recent years, laser ablation in liquid (LAL) has attracted increasing attention for nanomaterial synthesis, which has rapidly advanced both fundamental research and applications. Compared to other techniques, LAL is easy to set up and simple to perform. A large diversity of bulk and powder targets can be employed for LAL, which combined with an enormous variety of liquids, greatly diversify the nanomaterials that can be synthesized by LAL in terms of size, composition, shape, and structure. Although many reviews related to LAL have been published, a comprehensively thorough introduction that deals with the diversity of the targets and liquids used for LAL is still missing. To fill this gap, this review gives a comprehensive summary of the nanomaterials synthesized by LAL using different types of target and liquid, with an emphasis on the effects of liquids on the final nanoproducts. In order to provide a better understanding of the liquids’ effects, this review also discusses liquid additives such as salts, polymers, support materials, and their mixtures. Since many reactions occur during LAL, the scope of reactive laser ablation in liquid (RLAL) is redefined, and the representative reactions for each type of liquid used for LAL are summarized and highlighted. Consequently, this review will be a useful guide for researchers developing desirable nanomaterials via LAL.

Synthesis and potential applications of trimetallic nanostructures

“…The purity of the nanomaterials is highly dependent on the air quality; polluted air may incorporate impurities into the products, and the synthesis is uncontrollable. 53 Pulse laser ablation (PLA) was used to prepare bimetallic Rh/Pt and trimetallic Rh/Pt/Au catalysts. The nanocatalyst was synthesized from tablets prepared by blending and pressing 325 mesh 99.9% pure metal powders using 50 : 50 and 40 : 40 weight ratios for the bimetallic and trimetallic nanocatalysts, respectively.…”

Picosecond Bessel Beam Fabricated Pure, Gold-Coated Silver Nanostructures for Trace-Level Sensing of Multiple Explosives and Hazardous Molecules

“…Across the scientific community, numerous innovative approaches have been pursued in order to reach a high-flourishing upswing in optical responses of the nano-photonic systems in diverse terms. Aiming for such advancements in miscellaneous nano-scale optical features, such as fabrication of diverse nanoparticles (NPs) in liquids [1][2][3][4][5], exotic nanostructures (NSs) (in air/liquid) with desired plasmonic response, and attaining enhanced optical features, such as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), significant improvisations have been undertaken in laser-matter interaction research. Implementation of non-Gaussian beam profile in laser ablation, and engagement of different off-axis geometrical optics has been quite significant.…”

Nanoscale Self‐Wetting Driven Monatomization of Ag Nanoparticle for Excellent Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

“…Silver nanoparticles (NPs) with a sub-10-nm size have been proved by many novel instincts, including surprising low melting point, astonishing liquid-like pseudo elasticity, outstanding hydrogen evolution performance, etc. [1][2][3] All these performances are considered originating from nanoscale effects, that is, super high percentage and chaotic arrangement occur since the strong interface interaction and vastly driving force in nanoscale. These interactions originate from the balance between cohesive energy of Ag atoms on the surface of NPs and excess energy of Ag atoms in CN vacations.…”

“…Silver nanoparticles (NPs) with a sub‐10‐nm size have been proved by many novel instincts, including surprising low melting point, astonishing liquid‐like pseudo elasticity, outstanding hydrogen evolution performance, etc. [ 1–3 ] All these performances are considered originating from nanoscale effects, that is, super high percentage and chaotic arrangement of energetic interfacial atoms, inconsecutive lattice period, quantum tunneling effect, and so on. [ 4–9 ] Some studies have been made as a great breakthrough understanding about sized effects of nanomaterials.…”