Las fresnedas trasmochadas del piedemonte del Sistema Central en Madrid (España): cambios y usos actuales

Abstract

Se pretende analizar y comparar la evolución de los aprovechamientos de diferentes fresnedas trasmochadas de Fraxinus angustifolia en el piedemonte de la Sierra de Guadarrama (Madrid, España). En este sector de la Península Ibérica el espacio forestal ha sufrido intensas transformaciones que han modificado la superficie de la masa arbolada. En ocasiones las variaciones no han afectado a la extensión superficial arbolada sino a su funcionalidad productiva. Este es el caso de las especies ubicadas en los sectores más productivos de fosas y depresiones del centro peninsular. Los fresnos han sido y siguen siendo formaciones silvopratenses productivas que, en el caso de Madrid, constituyen uno de los paisajes de mayor interés cultural y natural de la Península, pese a que la presión urbanística, el productivismo intensivo y la desaparición de la ganadería tradicional y de los canales de trasmisión de la cultura silvoganadera, hayan generado una disminución progresiva de las prácticas productivas tradicionales. El objetivo final estriba en reconocer el interés que implica el mantenimiento de las fresnedas como un paisaje tradicional productivo.

Assessing social-ecological connectivity of agricultural landscapes in Spain: Resilience implications amid agricultural intensification trends and urbanization

“…3b, c) were supported through several other types of cross-landscape connectivity. This landscape connectivity-based support provides a new view of the multi-scale dynamics of traditional-rural agricultural landscapes as key resilience capacities contributing to their viability as important agri-food systems (García-Martín et al, 2016Gomez et al, 2016;Plieninger et al, 2018).…”

Preserving the Values of Mediterranean Enclosed Fields with Dry Stone Walls, an Example of Vulnerable Natural and Rural Heritage

“…Four major stages were identified here in which similar patterns of evolution were followed regarding the configuration of the enclosed spaces: the 11th century and the first decades of the 13th century, the 13th and 14th centuries, from the late 14th century to the 19th century, and from the 20th century to the present. The establishment of enclosed land parcels took place in the second half of the of the 11th century, although it was not until the 12th century that the division or segregation and the delimitation of land became more generalized on the southern slopes of the Central Spanish Mountain system, as did the regulation of these plots [55,56].…”

“…At this time, this was promoted by the king through the granting of privileges ("fueros" in Spanish), municipal charters, and franchises to settlers willing to clear agricultural land [55,56]. Initially, these frontier territories in the Iberian Peninsula's Middle or Central March were sectors well-suited to pastoral activities and they represented areas for the movement of livestock from the Segovian plateau.…”

“…This subtype is found in several countries of the Mediterranean basin, including Croatia, Cyprus, southern France, Greece, Italy, Slovenia, southern Portugal, and Spain, and aspects of these landscapes have been studied in some depth in Italy [40], Greece [41], Croatia [42][43][44], Slovenia [45,46], and Portugal [31]. To date, most of the studies carried out in the Spanish Mediterranean area have focused on the northwest [47,48] and northeast areas of the peninsula [49], although some research in the central territories has been carried out from an ecological standpoint [50], or focusing on the historical evolution, natural and cultural features, and their territorial dynamics [16,21,[51][52][53][54][55][56].…”

250-Year reconstruction of pollarding events reveals sharp management changes in Iberian ash woodlands

“…Pollarding was applied to a wide array of tree species (Read 2000;Rozas 2004;Rozas et al 2008;Allende Álvarez et al 2019;Camarero et al 2022), and these practices were tightly controlled by traditional regulations and bylaws since at least the sixteenth century (Allende Álvarez et al 2013;Gomez et al 2016). As a result, pollard woodlands and trees out of woodlands constitute landscape elements of great cultural and conservational value that represent long-term sustainable land management systems (Grove and Rackham 2003;Haeggström 2007;Mansion 2010).…”