Las aguas pluviales y de tormenta: del abandono de un recurso hídrico con finalidad agrícola a su implantación como recurso no convencional en ámbitos urbanos

Abstract

RESUMENLas aguas de turbias desempeñaron un papel fundamental en los paisajes agrarios tradicionales del sureste peninsular. En ellos, la escasez de precipitaciones unido a su torrencialidad, obligó a la adopción de una sistematización de laderas y barrancos para aprovechar al máximo los caudales circulantes asociados a precipitaciones de cierta intensidad. Estos sistemas, que van a entrar en un proceso de abandono y desarticulación a partir de mediados del siglo xx, han sido objeto de un interés creciente vinculado a cuestiones ambientales y patrimoniales. A éstas se une recientemente su posible utilización como recursos no convencionales asociados a las políticas de sostenibilidad ambiental y de adecuación de la calidad de las aguas según su uso (fit for purpose

Adaptation Strategies for Flooding Risk from Rainfall Events in Southeast Spain: Case Studies from the Bajo Segura, Alicante

“…Other methods for managing urban runoff are used in various locations along the Mediterranean coast. The best-known actions in the province of Alicante are the Parque Inundable de La Marjal and the Tanque Anticontaminación Ingeniero José Manuel Obrero Díez, as studied and analysed by Hernández et al [52], Morote Seguido and Hernández [28,29] and Olcina Cantos et al [7]. These authors highlight the importance of this type of action as it increases the supply of water for certain uses, reduces the use of drinking water, improves flood risk management and reduces the pollutant runoff load.…”

The Use of Non-Conventional Water Resources as a Means of Adaptation to Drought and Climate Change in Semi-Arid Regions: South-Eastern Spain

“…The use of treated water constitutes an alternative source of extraordinary interest to mitigate the natural scarcity of water and the effects of drought. Its use allows the freeing of higher-quality water resources to guarantee priority uses, as well as adaptation of the quality of the water resource to the final use [28]. In regions with high vulnerability to droughts and with problems of water scarcity, such as the study area, the reuse of treated water has been consolidated during the last two decades to guarantee agricultural, urban (gardens and washing of streets), recreational (golf courses), and industrial supplies.…”

“…This entails the making of investments that include advanced treatments and the desalination process of the treated water, in order to prevent the rejection to which its use is still subjected by traditional agriculture. In cities, bylaws should be approved that impose the use of treated water for the watering of parks and urban gardens and replace drinking water for these uses ("fit for purpose") [28]. The decrease in drinking water consumption with the replacement of uses and its use in agriculture allows the entry of new resources into the water cycle.…”

“…Higher quality water (desalinated water) can be set aside for drinking water and that of lower quality (treated water) can be used for other activities that are less demanding, such as agriculture [27]. Given the progress made in water treatment, water can now be created depending on quality needs, with water management policies that are based on the "fit for purpose" concept [28]. Desalination has become a key water resource in arid and semi-arid areas [29].…”

Ciencia regional y Andalucía a partir de la visión del geógrafo Gabriel Marco Cano García

“…La restructuración de vertientes, en algunos casos, ha tenido repercusiones en la recuperación de paisajes, en la corrección de procesos geomorfológicos desde perspectivas de rectificaciones hidrológicas o incidencia en medios urbanizados recientemente, cuyos planificadores desconocían su existencia y utilidad. En los últimos años, su apreciación científica y utilitaria se revaloriza y constituye un desafío científico nada sencillo de solucionar, que en la actualidad entronca con la práctica de la geografía, la antropología, la historia económica, la arqueología del paisaje, la ingeniería (obras públicas, agrónonos y montes) y la arquitectura (Hernández, Saurí y Moltó, 2016).…”