Larynx

Fulton, Ian; Anderson, Barton L.; Stick, John A.; Robertson, James T.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-0867-7.00045-4

Cited by 40 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…This may be because the large endotracheal tube displaces the arytenoid cartilages abaxially, thereby over-abducting the arytenoid, or because of abnormal positioning of the horse's head relative to its body Veterinary Surgery 9999 (2014) 1-7 © Copyright 2014 by The American College of Veterinary Surgeons on the surgical table, including padding placed beneath the larynx causing the larynx to rotate. 30 The endoscopic grades at 6 weeks postoperative were similar to other reports on laryngoplasty in race horses and nonracehorses 5,6,10,21 (Fig. 6).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…17 However, complications associated with general anesthesia and laryngoplasty, such as prolonged recovery from anesthesia and myopathy or peripheral neuropathy, are reported more frequently in draft horses than in light horses under similar conditions. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] This prompted the adaptation of the procedure to the standing horse.…”

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Laryngoplasty in Standing Horses

Rossignol¹,

Vitte²,

Boening

et al. 2014

Veterinary Surgery

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Objective: To describe the clinical experience with standing laryngoplasty in a series of horses mostly non-racing. Study Design: Case series. Animals: Seventy-one client-owned horses. Methods: Medical records (April 2008-February 2014) of horses treated by standing laryngoplasty for abnormal respiratory noise and or poor performance were reviewed. Horses were included if they had a diagnosis of idiopathic right or left recurrent laryngeal neuropathy confirmed by videoendoscopy. All horses underwent a unilateral laryngoplasty with a unilateral or bilateral ventriculectomy or ventriculocordectomy. Follow-up endoscopy was performed in all horses within 24 hours postoperative, in 24 horses at 2 weeks, and in 65 horses at 6 weeks. Late follow-up was obtained from the trainer, owner, or referring veterinarian by telephone. Results: Laryngoplasty was performed under endoscopic guidance with the horses sedated, and the surgical site was desensitized with local anesthetic solution. Laryngoplasty was completed in all horses and was well tolerated. No hyperabduction was observed. Two horses developed incisional swelling that resolved with drainage only. Late follow-up reported satisfactory improvement in respiration in all but 3 horses. Conclusions: Laryngoplasty performed with the horse standing avoids risks associated with general anesthesia and recovery and yields comparable results in nonracing horses, to laryngoplasty performed with the horse anesthetized. This technique reduces cost and allows accurate intraoperative adjustment of the degree of arytenoid abduction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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confidence: 99%

Laryngoplasty in Standing Horses

Rossignol¹,

Vitte²,

Boening

et al. 2014

Veterinary Surgery

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“…Currently, time to reinnervation after nerve transplant or nerve pedicle graft in horses is largely based on personal experience a and has been thought to occur 4 to 5 months after surgery, with 12 weeks being the shortest interval to return of function. 14 Compared with humans and dogs, wherein the first signs of reinnervation are evident at 2 to 6 weeks after surgery, 15,16 the estimated reinnervation time in horses is surprisingly long.…”

Section: Conclusion and Clinical Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nerve-muscle pedicle graft technique involving the first cervical nerve has been established by Fulton et al 6,12 More than 350 clinical cases have since been treated with a success rate similar to that associated with prosthetic laryngoplasty. [12][13][14][15] The interval after surgery at which reinnervation occurs in horses has not been precisely determined partly because of the difficulty in identifying endoscopic signs of reinnervation. Currently, time to reinnervation after nerve transplant or nerve pedicle graft in horses is largely based on personal experience a and has been thought to occur 4 to 5 months after surgery, with 12 weeks being the shortest interval to return of function.…”

Section: Conclusion and Clinical Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility, repeatability, and safety of ultrasound-guided stimulation of the first cervical nerve at the alar foramen in horses

Mespoulhès-Rivière¹,

Brandenberger²,

Rossignol³

et al. 2016

ajvr

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OBJECTIVE To develop and assess the feasibility, repeatability, and safety of an ultrasound-guided technique to stimulate the first cervical nerve (FCN) at the level of the alar foramen of the atlas of horses. ANIMALS 4 equine cadavers and 6 clinically normal Standardbreds. PROCEDURES In each cadaver, the FCN pathway was determined by dissection, and any anastomosis between the first and second cervical nerves was identified. Subsequently, each of 6 live horses underwent a bilateral ultrasound-guided stimulation of the FCN at the alar foramen 3 times at 3-week intervals. After each procedure, horses were examined daily for 5 days. RESULTS In each cadaver, the FCN passed through the alar foramen; a communicating branch between the FCN and the accessory nerve and anastomoses between the ventral branches of the FCN and second cervical nerve were identified. The anastomoses were located in the upper third of the FCN pathway between the wing of the atlas and the nerve's entry in the omohyoideus muscle. Successful ultrasound-guided electrical stimulation was confirmed by twitching of the ipsilateral omohyoideus muscle in all 6 live horses; this finding was observed bilaterally during each of the 3 experimental sessions. No complications developed at the site of stimulation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that ultrasound-guided stimulation of the FCN at the alar foramen appears to be a safe and straightforward procedure in horses. The procedure may have potential for use in horses with naturally occurring recurrent laryngeal neuropathy to assess reinnervation after FCN transplantation or nerve-muscle pedicle implantation in the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle.

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“…Biopsy samples are assumed for diagnosing many types of tumors, inflammatory processes, as well as removal of foreign objects that have been inhaled into the respiratory system. 6 The aim of the current study is directed toward the endoscopic examination of upper respiratory tract throughout highlighting and clarification of the disease conditions that are met with the respiratory distressed horses and donkeys, as these diseases or abnormalities negatively affect work and sports ability. Consequently, the study will assist to pave away for the hopeful and future treatment of such disease evidences.…”

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confidence: 99%

Endoscopic Evidences of Upper Respiratory Tract Disorders in Horses and Donkeys

Sheta¹,

Ashour²

2017

Vet Med Open J

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Background: Upper respiratory tract (URT) obstructive disorders are a common problem among horses and are often associated with poor performance and respiratory noise during exercise. Aim: The study is proposed to visualize the upper respiratory tract of horses and donkeys by endoscopic examination, aiming to highlight and clarify the disease conditions that causing respiratory distress and subsequenly affect negatively on the work and sports ability of these animals. Materials and Methods: The present study employed the endoscopic examinations on the upper respiratory tract of 45 stallions, 30 mares, 10 foals and 38 donkeys, suffered from upper respiratory tract distresses. These animals were of various ages and weights. Results: Investigation of these animals proved that the upper respiratory tract disorders were numerous in horses and prevailing in donkeys. The pharyngeal region was more affected than the other parts of the upper respiratory tract. In addition, squamous cell carcinoma, cyst and granuloma in the guttural pouches have been taken care of, regardless of its rare occurrence. The ethmoidal glandular cyst acini, pharyngeal mycosis, and pharyngeal tonsillitis were considered critical evidences for the study. Conclusion: Endoscopy of the upper respiratory tract of horses and donkeys should be a standard diagnostic technique for all upper respiratory disorders in equine.

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Larynx

Cited by 40 publications

References 111 publications

Laryngoplasty in Standing Horses

Laryngoplasty in Standing Horses

Feasibility, repeatability, and safety of ultrasound-guided stimulation of the first cervical nerve at the alar foramen in horses

Endoscopic Evidences of Upper Respiratory Tract Disorders in Horses and Donkeys

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