Laryngoscopic Detection of Pharyngeal Carcinoma in Situ with Narrowband Imaging

Abstract

NBI may play an important role in the diagnosis of SCCs of the oropharynx and hypopharynx.

High-Resolution ENT Video Endoscope with Superior Image Quality Equivalent to that of Gastric Video Endoscopes

“…At present, esophageal cancer can be detected at an early stage by observing characteristic vascular abnormalities such as abnormal Intraepithelial Papillary Capillary Loops (IPCLs) [1][2][3][4]. Pharyngeal carcinoma has been detected in the same manner, and carcinomas of the head and neck can be detected early with the use of video endoscopes in the upper gastrointestinal tract [5][6][7][8].…”

“…In particular, abnormal IPCLs have been reported as an early finding in esophageal and pharyngeal carcinomas [1][2][3][4]. Magnifying endoscopy coupled with NBI has been reported to be useful for detecting IPCLs [3,4].…”

The Usefulness of an Intra-Oropharyngeal U-turn Method using Trans-Nasal Endoscopy for Detecting Superficial Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Base of the Tongue

“…The NBI system (Olympus Medical System Co., Tokyo, Japan) has been already proven to be a useful diagnostic tool for identifying superficial squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck [4][5][6][19][20][21]. Trans-nasal endoscopy can usually be performed comfortably due to attenuation of the gag reflex [22]; indeed in Japan, trans-nasal endoscopy is a very common procedure and can be performed without sedation.…”

Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) — Endoscopic Method for Detection of Head and Neck Cancer

“…In the oesophagus, these lesions can be easily detected by Lugol chromoendoscopy, where squamous dysplasia and CIS appear as Lugol voiding lesions [8]. This is not suitable for ivestigation of upper aerodigestive tract due to severe mucosal irritation caused by Lugol solution [7]. Chromoendoscopy is able to show differences in epithelium quality.…”

“…These early lesions are difficult to detect in white light endoscopy, if they are less then 1 cm in diameter [7]. In the oesophagus, these lesions can be easily detected by Lugol chromoendoscopy, where squamous dysplasia and CIS appear as Lugol voiding lesions [8].…”