Laryngeal receptors responding to transmural pressure, airflow and local muscle activity

Sant’Ambrogio, Giuseppe; Fisher, John T.; Sant'Ambrogio, F.B.

doi:10.1016/0034-5687(83)90075-0

Cited by 219 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Laryngeal afferents responding to changes in respiratory stimuli such as airflow and transmural pressure have been studied extensively and are classified as pressure, flow or drive receptors on the basis of their primary response characteristics. 25,26 Flow receptors respond to a decrease in temperature; their phasic inspiratory discharge during room air breathing can be eliminated by breathing warm humidified air. 27 Pressure and drive receptors respond primarily to transmural pressure changes and phasic respiratory muscle activity (respiratory drive), respectively.…”

Section: Upper Airway Afferentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apnea of prematurity: pathogenesis and management strategies

Mathew

2010

J Perinatol

105

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Apnea of prematurity (AOP) is a significant clinical problem manifested by an unstable respiratory rhythm reflecting the immaturity of respiratory control systems. This review will address the pathogenesis of and treatment strategies for AOP. Although the neuronal mechanisms leading to apnea are still not well understood, recent decades have provided better insight into the generation of the respiratory rhythm and its modulation in the neonate. Ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercarbia are impaired and inhibitory reflexes are exaggerated in the neonate. These unique vulnerabilities predispose the neonate to the development of apnea. Treatment strategies attempt to stabilize the respiratory rhythm. Caffeine remains the primary pharmacological treatment modality and is presumed to work through blockade of adenosine receptors A 1 and A 2 . Recent evidences suggest that A 2A receptors may have a greater role than previously thought. AOP typically resolves with maturation suggesting increased myelination of the brainstem.

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Section: Upper Airway Afferentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apnea of prematurity: pathogenesis and management strategies

Mathew

2010

J Perinatol

105

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“…Several reports indicate a role for upper airway reflex mechanisms in the maintenance of patency [111,112,[143][144][145][146][147][148][149]. Evidence suggests that these reflex mechanisms are pressure sensitive [112,[144][145][146], and interference with them could lead to an imbalance between intrapharyngeal pressure and the contraction of upper airway dilating muscles, resulting in obstructive apnoeas [3].…”

Section: Upper Airway Reflexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnoea

Deegan¹,

McNicholas²

1995

Eur Respir J

263

183

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Arousal plays an important role in the termination of each apnoea, but may also contribute to the development of further apnoea, because of a reduction in respiratory drive related to the hypocapnia which results from postapnoeic hyperventilation. A cyclical pattern of repetitive obstructive apnoeas may result.A better understanding of the integrated pathophysiology of OSA should help in the development of new therapeutic techniques.

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“…Single-fibre studies have described nerve endings sensitive to light touch, applied pressure indentations, transmural pressure or to the displacement of laryngeal structures and contraction of the laryngeal muscles (Andrew, 1954;Sampson & Eyzaguirre, 1964;Martensson, 1964;Storey, 1968; Boushey, Richardson, Widdicombe & Wise, 1974;Harding, Johnson & McClelland, 1978; Sant'Ambrogio, Mathew, Fisher & Sant'Ambrogio, 1983; Hwang, St. John & Bartlett, 1984; Mathew, Sant'Ambrogio, Fisher & Sant'Ambrogio, 1984). Boushey et al (1974) distinguished two major classes of superficially located laryngeal mechanoreceptors according to the presence or absence of spontaneous discharge activity, and the dynamics of the response to gentle mechanical stimulation of the exposed laryngeal mucosa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative analysis of laryngeal mechanosensitivity in the cat and rabbit.

Davis

Nail

1987

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Single afferent fibres in the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve which responded to light touch or gentle probing of discrete areas of the exposed epithelium of the opened larynx were identified in anaesthetized, paralysed cats (148 fibres) and rabbits (58 fibres).2. A quantitative examination of the sensitivity of these laryngeal mechanoreceptors to both static (step indentations) and dynamic (vibratory) forms of mechanical stimulation was undertaken using a servo-controlled mechanical stimulator.3. In both species two predominant classes of mechanoreceptors were observed (Boushey, Richardson, Widdicombe & Wise, 1974). One class was distinguished by a regular and continuous pattern of activity at a frequency of 10-70 Hz (tonic fibres, sixty-six in cat, thirty-five in rabbit). The other class was silent or (more rarely) irregularly active at a very low frequency (silent fibres, eighty-two in cat, twentythree in rabbit).4. The location of the receptive fields was determined by manual probing. Inter-species and regional variations in receptive field location were observed for the two fibre groups.5. Conduction velocity was measured for twenty-one tonic and seven silent fibres in the rabbit by a pre-triggered averaging technique. The results obtained (tonic: range 10-8-30-0, mean + S.E. of mean 21-4+ 1-2 m/s; silent: 14-8-28-6, 20X4 + 1-8 m/s) were characteristic of group III afferent fibres but were not significantly different for the two classes.6. Both classes of receptor showed a response at the onset of a step indentation of the region of the mucosa that corresponded to their receptive field. Subsequent to this briefinitial response the behaviour of the two classes diverged markedly. Tonic fibres were invariably slowly adapting whereas most (forty-four out of fifty-five in cat; twenty-two out of twenty-three in rabbit) silent fibres were rapidly adapting, at least for smaller indentation amplitudes.7. Receptors of both classes were readily entrained to discharge at the same frequency as the probe stimulator (1:1 entrainment) when this was made to vibrate upon the receptive area for test periods of 0 5 or I 0 s. Tuning curves were constructed

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Laryngeal receptors responding to transmural pressure, airflow and local muscle activity

Cited by 219 publications

References 18 publications

Apnea of prematurity: pathogenesis and management strategies

Apnea of prematurity: pathogenesis and management strategies

Pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnoea

Quantitative analysis of laryngeal mechanosensitivity in the cat and rabbit.

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