Laryngeal pressure receptors

Mathew, Oommen P.; Sant’Ambrogio, Giuseppe; Fisher, John T.; Sant'Ambrogio, F.B.

doi:10.1016/0034-5687(84)90037-9

Cited by 72 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…27 Pressure and drive receptors respond primarily to transmural pressure changes and phasic respiratory muscle activity (respiratory drive), respectively. 28 These mechanoreceptors show some degree of chemosensitivity. On the other hand, some laryngeal afferents have no mechanosensitivity.…”

Section: Upper Airway Afferentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Apnea of prematurity: pathogenesis and management strategies

Mathew

2010

J Perinatol

105

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Apnea of prematurity (AOP) is a significant clinical problem manifested by an unstable respiratory rhythm reflecting the immaturity of respiratory control systems. This review will address the pathogenesis of and treatment strategies for AOP. Although the neuronal mechanisms leading to apnea are still not well understood, recent decades have provided better insight into the generation of the respiratory rhythm and its modulation in the neonate. Ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercarbia are impaired and inhibitory reflexes are exaggerated in the neonate. These unique vulnerabilities predispose the neonate to the development of apnea. Treatment strategies attempt to stabilize the respiratory rhythm. Caffeine remains the primary pharmacological treatment modality and is presumed to work through blockade of adenosine receptors A 1 and A 2 . Recent evidences suggest that A 2A receptors may have a greater role than previously thought. AOP typically resolves with maturation suggesting increased myelination of the brainstem.

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Section: Upper Airway Afferentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During upper airway positive pressure application, inhibitory feedback from mechanoreceptors in the upper airway is reduced. 94 This decrease in inhibitory influence may translate into more stable respiratory rhythm and less apnea.…”

Section: Cpap and Airway Patencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Apnea of prematurity: pathogenesis and management strategies

Mathew

2010

J Perinatol

105

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“…Single-fibre studies have described nerve endings sensitive to light touch, applied pressure indentations, transmural pressure or to the displacement of laryngeal structures and contraction of the laryngeal muscles (Andrew, 1954;Sampson & Eyzaguirre, 1964;Martensson, 1964;Storey, 1968; Boushey, Richardson, Widdicombe & Wise, 1974;Harding, Johnson & McClelland, 1978; Sant'Ambrogio, Mathew, Fisher & Sant'Ambrogio, 1983; Hwang, St. John & Bartlett, 1984; Mathew, Sant'Ambrogio, Fisher & Sant'Ambrogio, 1984). Boushey et al (1974) distinguished two major classes of superficially located laryngeal mechanoreceptors according to the presence or absence of spontaneous discharge activity, and the dynamics of the response to gentle mechanical stimulation of the exposed laryngeal mucosa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative analysis of laryngeal mechanosensitivity in the cat and rabbit.

Davis

Nail

1987

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Single afferent fibres in the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve which responded to light touch or gentle probing of discrete areas of the exposed epithelium of the opened larynx were identified in anaesthetized, paralysed cats (148 fibres) and rabbits (58 fibres).2. A quantitative examination of the sensitivity of these laryngeal mechanoreceptors to both static (step indentations) and dynamic (vibratory) forms of mechanical stimulation was undertaken using a servo-controlled mechanical stimulator.3. In both species two predominant classes of mechanoreceptors were observed (Boushey, Richardson, Widdicombe & Wise, 1974). One class was distinguished by a regular and continuous pattern of activity at a frequency of 10-70 Hz (tonic fibres, sixty-six in cat, thirty-five in rabbit). The other class was silent or (more rarely) irregularly active at a very low frequency (silent fibres, eighty-two in cat, twentythree in rabbit).4. The location of the receptive fields was determined by manual probing. Inter-species and regional variations in receptive field location were observed for the two fibre groups.5. Conduction velocity was measured for twenty-one tonic and seven silent fibres in the rabbit by a pre-triggered averaging technique. The results obtained (tonic: range 10-8-30-0, mean + S.E. of mean 21-4+ 1-2 m/s; silent: 14-8-28-6, 20X4 + 1-8 m/s) were characteristic of group III afferent fibres but were not significantly different for the two classes.6. Both classes of receptor showed a response at the onset of a step indentation of the region of the mucosa that corresponded to their receptive field. Subsequent to this briefinitial response the behaviour of the two classes diverged markedly. Tonic fibres were invariably slowly adapting whereas most (forty-four out of fifty-five in cat; twenty-two out of twenty-three in rabbit) silent fibres were rapidly adapting, at least for smaller indentation amplitudes.7. Receptors of both classes were readily entrained to discharge at the same frequency as the probe stimulator (1:1 entrainment) when this was made to vibrate upon the receptive area for test periods of 0 5 or I 0 s. Tuning curves were constructed

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“…(22,25,26) Inputs sensoriais desses mecanorreceptores influenciam o tônus da via aérea superior de maneira reflexa, promovendo assim a patência da via aérea superior. Modelos animais têm demonstrado um aumento da atividade do músculo genioglosso com a geração de pressão negativa na via aérea superior.…”

Section: Alterações Em Receptores Sensoriais Aferentesunclassified

Fisiopatologia dos distúrbios respiratórios do sono

Palombini

2010

J. bras. pneumol.

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ResumoO sono representa uma fase na qual o sistema respiratório sofre importantes mudanças que levam a uma maior vulnerabilidade e maior chance de ocorrência de anormalidades, mesmo em indivíduos normais. Na transição da vigília para o sono, existe normalmente um aumento da resistência de via aérea superior e prejuízo de diferentes respostas e reflexos protetores, os quais são eficientes em promover e manter a patência da via aérea superior durante a vigília. Em indivíduos que apresentam fatores de risco, tais como anormalidades anatômicas em via aérea superior, essas mudanças associadas ao sono não conseguem ser compensadas de forma eficaz e, com isso, ocorre uma maior chance de ocorrer um distúrbio respiratório do sono. Os distúrbios respiratórios do sono são caracterizados por diferentes graus de diminuição do espaço das vias aéreas superiores. Essa diminuição tem causas multifatoriais, que incluem anormalidades da anatomia de via aérea superior, alteração da resposta neuromuscular e de alterações em receptores de via aérea superior. Provavelmente muitas alterações funcionais e anatômicas em via aérea superior são de característica genética, tornando o individuo com maior risco quando exposto a determinados fatores ambientais, tais como alergias, e a partir da combinação destes fatores haverá uma maior chance de desenvolver distúrbios respiratórios do sono.Descritores: Transtornos do sono; Síndromes da apneia do sono; Sono/fisiologia. AbstractSleep is a phase during which the respiratory system undergoes major changes. These changes lead to greater vulnerability and a greater risk of abnormalities, even in normal individuals. In the transition from wakefulness to sleep, there is commonly an increase in upper airway resistance and impairment of various protective responses and reflexes, which are efficient in promoting and maintaining upper airway patency during wakefulness. In individuals who present risk factors, such as anatomical abnormalities in the upper airway, these sleep-related changes cannot be efficaciously compensated, which increases the chances that sleep-disordered breathing will occur. Sleep-disordered breathing is characterized by a reduction in the size of upper airways, although the degree of the reduction varies. This reduction has multifactorial causes, which include anatomical abnormalities in the upper airway, alterations in the neuromuscular response and impairment of receptors in the upper airway. Upper airway functional and anatomical changes are likely to have genetic components, and, therefore, individuals exposed to certain environmental factors, such as allergies, have a greater chance of developing sleep-disordered breathing.Keywords: Sleep disorders; Sleep apnea syndromes; Sleep/physiology. IntroduçãoOs distúrbios respiratórios do sono incluem SAOS e SRVAS. O distúrbio descrito inicialmente foi SAOS, e as consequências desse distúrbio já estão bem estabelecidas, como um maior risco para doenças cardiovasculares e metabólicas.(1) Posteriormente, SRVAS foi descrita e ainda existe...

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Laryngeal pressure receptors

Cited by 72 publications

References 16 publications

Apnea of prematurity: pathogenesis and management strategies

Apnea of prematurity: pathogenesis and management strategies

Quantitative analysis of laryngeal mechanosensitivity in the cat and rabbit.

Fisiopatologia dos distúrbios respiratórios do sono

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