“…Placement of the guidewire across the stricture is accomplished under direct visualization from both the proximal and distal position. Complete strictures can be punctured from above 1,15 or below 15 with a guidewire, 1,5,7,8,11,13,14 catheter, 15 or needle. 12 Regardless of the specific technique employed, puncture of the stricture site under direct visualization from both the proximal and distal side of the stricture is the primary advantage of these procedures.…”