Larvicidal effect of Clinopodium macrostemum essential oil extracted by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation against Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Abstract

Introduction:In the present study, we determined the chemical composition of Clinopodium macrostemum essential oil obtained by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation and its effect on the growth and development of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito larvae. Methods: The essential oil compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, and bioassays were conducted to evaluate the influence on the developmental stages of early second instar larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus until the emergence of adults, using essential oil concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800mg/L. Results: The gas chromatographymass spectrometry analyses revealed that the leaf essential oil of C. macrostemum contained 32 compounds and the major chemical compounds identified were linalool (55.4%), nerol (6.4%), caryophyllene (6.25%), menthone (5.8%), geraniol acetate (4.1%), terpineol (3.7%), and pulegone (2.8%). The essential oil yield obtained by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation was 0.8% at 20 min. The treatments showed lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) of 22.49 and 833.35mg/L, respectively, after the final measurement of the total number of dead larvae (second, third, and fourth instars), and LC50 and LC90 of 6.62 and 693.35mg/L, respectively, at the end of the experimental period. The essential oil inhibited the growth and development of the mosquito larvae by 32% (relative growth index = 0.68) at 50mg/L, and up to 47% (relative growth index = 0.53) at 800mg/L. Conclusion:The present study demonstrated the larvicidal effect of C. macrostemum essential oil on Cx. quinquefasciatus, which can be attributed to the oxygenate compounds obtained by the extraction method.

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Properties, and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils of Satureja macrostema (Moc. and Sessé ex Benth.) Briq

“…In another study, EOs obtained from dry leaves of Clinopodium macrostemum (synonym of S. macrostema ) were collected from the forest of the Mixe region of Oaxaca. They had a yield of 0.8% ( w / v ), with 32 compounds identified, among them being linalool (55.4%), caryophyllene (6.3%), menthone (5.8%), geraniol acetate (4.1%), terpineol (3.7%), and pulegone (2.8%) [ 18 ]. This variation in plant compounds from the same area of study is not strange or rare and has been documented in other investigations.…”

Biocidal action, characterization, and molecular docking of Mentha piperita (Lamiaceae) leaves extract against Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae

“…Other Lamiaceae species have been discovered to have the major compounds observed, as well as larvicidal activity against mosquito species, showing that Cx . quinquefasciatus possesses a defensive and attack strategy [ 62 ]. [ 63 ] found comparable results for M .…”

Mosquito-Borne Diseases and Their Control Strategies: An Overview Focused on Green Synthesized Plant-Based Metallic Nanoparticles

“…In addition, they can be readily prepared and employed by poor populations worldwide, without extremely high costs. One can cite (i) ethanol–water extracts of Artemisia annua , Cassia fistuala , and Centella asiatica [ 140 ], (ii) aqueous extracts of Carica papaya , Murraya paniculata , and Cleistanthus collinus [ 138 , 162 ] as well as (iii) steam distilled extracts of Paullinia claviger, Tradescintia zebrine , Lantana camara , Artemisia vulgaris , Platycladus orientalis , Argemone mexicana , Allium sativum , Pimpinella anisum , Lippia berlandieri , Clinopodium macrostemum , Piper betle , Artemisia annua , Cassia fistula , Centella asiatica , Eucalytus globulus , and Piper retrofractum [ 165 , 166 , 167 , 168 , 169 , 170 , 171 , 172 , 173 , 174 ].…”