Larvicidal Assessment of Fractions of Aristolochia albida Rhizome on Culex quinquefasciatus

Abstract

Aristolochia albida is a plant, native of Africa that has found various applications including antiparasite and anti-snake venom. In the present study, Aristolochia albida rhizome was extracted successively with chloroform and methanol by maceration technique. The extracts were tested for their larvicidal activity against 3 rd and 4 th instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito, according to WHO guidelines for larvicidal bioassay, with slight modifications. Fractionation of the chloroform extract was carried out using column chromatography. Larvicidal bioassay was carried out on the fractions obtained and the most potent fraction (fraction S) was further analyzed using preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and characterized using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopic analyses. Chloroform extract showed the highest mortality (100%) at 25 ppm, with LC50 and LC90 values of 4.24 ppm and 7.59 ppm. Fractionation of the chloroform extract of Aristolochia albida rhizome yielded 180 fractions. Fraction S was the most potent fraction having the lowest LC50 value (1.12 ppm). Preparative TLC profile of fraction S yielded five distinct spots (S1-S1a, S2-S2a and S3). Assessment of the larvicidal activity of the fractions confirmed that they act in a synergistic manner. Likely compounds identified using GC-MS were columbin, benzene acetaldehyde, oleic acid, naphthalene and fucosterol. FTIR analysis identified some functionalities, such as, alcohols, aromatics and carboxylic acids. It was concluded from the present study that chloroform extract and fractions of Aristolochia albida possess larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus.

Effect of <i>Syzygium guineense</i> and <i>Borassus aethiopum</i> leaves on protein glycation and oxidative stress suppression

“…The research revealed that the extracts of SG and BA leaves contain vast array of phytochemicals, namely flavonoids, steroids, triterpenes, cardiac glycosides, tannins, saponins and alkaloids. This is supported by previous studies on evaluation of phytoconstituents of plant extracts (Usman et al, 2018;Hassan et al 2020;Nazneen et al, 2016). These phytochemicals have been reported to exhibit potency in some physiological imbalance; for example, flavonoids play a role as antioxidant agents (Savithramma et al, 2011); alkaloids are important in antimicrobial, analgesic, and other antispasmodic actions (Savithramma et al, 2011;Chatoui et al, 2016;El Hattabi et al, 2016) also steroids have been found to possess anti-inflammatory potency (Chatoui et al, 2016).…”

Bio-larvicidal and Cytotoxic Activity of forest Streptomyces Isolate GA9 Against Some Mosquito Larvae

“…All larvae were starved 24 hours before bio-larvicidal activity testing and cytotoxicity. [27][28][29] Bio-larvicidal activity Varying concentrations of the extract were prepared according to the description of . 30 A modified version of the WHO protocol for larvicidal bioassays was utilized in this study.…”

“…[17][18][19][20][21] The use of Streptomyces secondary metabolites has not gone beyond the lab, researchers have discovered the presence of chitinase producing Streptomyces strains from soil with evidence of secondary metabolite production and bioactive traits. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] A previous study 28 revealed the presence of high antimicrobial and bio-larvicidal activity of Streptomyces isolate GA9 from soil sample against clinically significant test organisms and Anopheles larvae. Despite this novel finding from the pioneering study on the use of Streptomyces secondary metabolite as alternative to synthetic pesticides, there are © 2024 the authors.…”

Biological Activities of Organic Extracts of the Genus Aristolochia: A Review from 2005 to 2021

“…A variety of traditional uses for species of the genus Aristolochia were found in the literature. Of the traditional uses cited, the most common uses are anticancer (33 articles) , antibacterial (31 articles) [23,25,29,30,38,39,45,49,, antioxidants (18 articles) [22,25,29,33,34,46,55,60,61,70,73,74,[77][78][79][80][81][82], snake anti-venom (13 articles) [21,22,39,40,76,[83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90], anti-inflammatory (11 articles) [22,40,46,47,74,86,[91][92][93][94]…”