“…Initially, such studies focused on understanding the biology of traits either known, or thought, to be advantageous under conditions of extreme larval crowding. These traits ranged from primarily behavioural attributes such as pupation height (Sameoto & Miller, 1968;Markow, 1979), larval feeding rate (Burnet et a!., 1977) and the extent of larval locomotory activity while feeding (Sokolowski, 1985;Godoy-Herrera, 1986) to those that were predominantly physiological, such as larval efficiency at converting food to biomass (de Miranda & Eggleston, 1988) and larval tolerance to nitrogenous metabolic waste (Botella et a!., 1985). Subsequently, the relevance of many of these traits to the density-*Correspondence.…”