Larval rearing and spat production of Marcia opima (Gmelin)

Abstract

The 'baby clam' Marcia opima (Gmelin) was spawned on seven occasions in the shellfish hatchery at the Tuticorin Research Centre, India. The fertilized eggs measured 47.8 Am in diameter and the straight hinged larvae attained at 20 h were 87 Am in length and 71 Am in height. Settlement occurred on day 9 at 273 Am. The percentage of settlement varied from 13.9% to 56.2%. The growth of post-set clam spat has been described by the equation of L=0.0086x1.4672 , where L is the length in mm and x is the number of days. The clam seed reached a size of 11.5 mm at 4 months. The significance of this study is to standardize the techniques for hatchery production of the seeds of M. opima. D

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED: Effects of diet, stocking density and environmental factors on growth, survival and metamorphosis of clam, Paphia malabarica (Chemnitz) larvae

“…The optimum stocking density obtained from the present study appeared to be similar to those reported for clam Anadara granosa , M. opima , bay scallop Agopecten irradians and M . meretrix (Duggan 1973; Narasimham, Muthiah, Gopinathan & Gandhi 1988; Muthiah, Narasimham, Gopinathan & Sundararajan 1992; Wei & Xu 1996; Muthiah et al . 2002).…”

“…Various cultured algae have been tested as food sources for Manila clam larvae and juveniles. Muthiah, Rodrigo and Suja (2002) evaluated the effects of Isochrysis galbana in various concentrations on larval rearing and spat production of Marcia opima , another clam species, which is widely distributed in the east and west coast of India. Gireesh and Gopinathan (2004) evaluated the effects of salinity and pH on the growth, survival and metamorphosis of P. malabarica larvae, and found that in clam larvae and juveniles fed with flagellate, I. galbana had the best growth, survival and metamorphosis for salinity 33–35 and pH 7.8–7.9.…”

Larval release and settlement of the marine sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis (Porifera, Demospongiae) under controlled laboratory conditions

“…Intensive aquaculture of economical marine animals through seed (eggs or larvae) rearing, including seed production and rearing of juveniles, has achieved great success for biomass production. Extensive studies have focused on improving the production and survivorship of seeds and juveniles, in fishes (Chakraborty and Mirza, 2007), abalone (Najmudeen and Victor, 2004), sea cucumber (Asha and Muthiah, 2005) and bivalves (Southgate and Lee, 1998;Liu et al, 2002;Muthiah et al, 2002). These rearing successes indicate that artificial seed rearing of sponges provides a sustainable supply of seeding sponges for sponge aquaculture, and it can also minimize the ecological and environmental impacts of wild sponge harvest.…”

Embryonic Development of Asiatic Hard Clam, Meretrix meretrix (Linnaeus, 1758) in Hatchery Condition

“…Interestingly, the eyed larval stage was not observed in the current study. Comparably, the absence of the eyed larval stage has also been observed in several other bivalve species including Rangia cuneata (Chanley, 1965), M. lateris, Pitar morrhuana, Laevicardium mortoni (Loosanoff et al, 1966) and Marcia opima (Muthiah et al, 2002).…”