Larval programming of post-hatch muscle growth and activity in Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>)

Albokhadaim, Ibrahim; Hammond, Chrissy L.; Ashton, C.; Simbi, Bigboy H.; Bayol, Stephanie; Farrington, Samantha J.; Stickland, N. C.

doi:10.1242/jeb.003194

Cited by 35 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The fact that such a small change in temperature in early development leads to continued divergence between the groups throughout later development suggests that the stage between ED4 and ED7 may be a critical window during which the tissues of the limb are more susceptible to change. This study demonstrates that small temperatures can cause significant changes that persist long after their application in chick, as is the case in fish species such as haddock and salmon (Martell and Kieffer, 2007;Albokhadaim et al, 2007). Additionally, these results also illustrate the importance of keeping a constant incubation environment when carrying out other experiments in developmental biology, otherwise the effect of the experiment could be masked by changes caused by a fluctuation in the temperature of incubation.…”

Section: Temperature and Increased Embryonic Movement Leads Tomentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Interestingly, a recent paper on Atlantic salmon has demonstrated that changing the incubation temperature of salmon larvae during the period between fertilization and hatching leads to changes in the motility of the fish, which are maintained until at least 21·weeks after first feeding (the latest stage examined) (Albokhadaim et al, 2007). Since, in this paper, fish activity was stimulated by feeding, the changes in the motility between the groups could be related either to changes in muscle development or to changes in appetite regulation (Albokhadaim et al, 2007). Temperature, movement and long bone growth Increased temperature throughout the incubation period has been demonstrated to cause increased long bone length in chicks (Brookes and May, 1972).…”

Section: Temperature and Embryonic Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In ovotemperature manipulation influences embryonic motility and growth of limb tissues in the chick (Gallus gallus)

Hammond

Simbi

Stickland

2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY The chick embryo, developing in the egg, is an ideal system in which to investigate the effects of incubation environment on the development of the embryo. We show that raising the temperature of the eggs by just one degree,from 37.5°C to 38.5°C, during embryonic days (ED) 4–7 causes profound changes in development. We demonstrate that embryonic movement is significantly increased in the chicks raised at 38.5°C both during the period in which they are at the higher temperature but also 4 days after their return to the control temperature. Concomitant with this increase in embryonic activity, the embryos raised at higher temperature grow to significantly heavier weights and exhibit significantly longer leg bones (tibia and tarsus)than the controls from ED12 onwards, although mineralization occurs normally. Additionally, the number of leg myonuclei is increased from ED12 in the embryos raised at the higher temperature. This is likely to promote greater leg muscle growth later in development, which may provide postural stability to the chicks posthatch. These changes are similar to those seen when drugs are injected to increase embryonic activity. We therefore believe that the increased embryonic activity provides a mechanism that can explain the increased growth of leg muscle and bone seen when the eggs are incubated for 3 days at higher temperature.

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Section: Temperature and Increased Embryonic Movement Leads Tomentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Temperature and Embryonic Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

In ovotemperature manipulation influences embryonic motility and growth of limb tissues in the chick (Gallus gallus)

Hammond

Simbi

Stickland

2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…In addition to genomic differences, evidence suggests that the embryonic milieu and, more specifically, the eggyolk environment also contribute to phenotypic differences via epigenetic mechanisms (Ho et al, 2011). In support of the epigenetic control of phenotypic diversity, several studies have shown that manipulating egg incubation temperature can affect musculoskeletal development in birds Maltby et al, 2004) but also in fish (Albokhadaim et al, 2007) and reptiles (Booth, 1998). This implies that diverging domestic chicken phenotypes emerged from complex synergistic interactions between genomic and epigenetic alterations (Ho et al, 2011).…”

Section: Domesticated Chickens Gallus Gallus Domesticusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few studies have shown that environmental factors such as maternal nutrition in mammals (Bayol et al, 2005;Bedi et al, 1982) and egg incubation temperature in fish (Albokhadaim et al, 2007) and birds (Maltby et al, 2004) can influence muscle development and subsequent post-natal and/or post-hatching growth. However, very few studies have examined how these environmental factors affect the timing and level of expression of genes that regulate myogenesis.…”

Section: Differential Effect Of Incubation Temperature On Embryonic Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

In ovotemperature manipulation differentially influences limb musculoskeletal development in two lines of chick embryos selected for divergent growth rates

Al-Musawi

Stickland

Bayol

2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYSelective breeding has led to diverging phenotypic evolution in layer and broiler chickens through genomic and epigenetic modifications. Here we show that in ovo environmental manipulation differentially influences embryonic limb muscle phenotype in these two breeds. We demonstrate that raising incubation temperature from 37.5 to 38.5°C between embryonic days (ED) 4 and 7 increased motility and body mass in both layer and broiler embryos. In layers, this was accompanied by gastrocnemius muscle hypertrophy, increased fibre and nuclei numbers and a higher nuclei to fibre ratio (ED18), preceded by increased hindlimb Myf5 (ED5-8), Pax7 (ED5-10), BMP4 (ED6-9) and IGF-I (ED9-10, ED18) mRNAs. In broilers, the same temperature treatment led to reduced gastrocnemius cross-sectional area with fewer fibres and nuclei and an unchanged fibre to nuclei ratio (ED18). This was preceded by a delay in the peak of hindlimb Myf5 expression, increased Pax7 (ED5, ED7-10) and BMP4 (ED6-8) but reduced IGF-I (ED8-10) mRNAs. Rather than promoting myogenesis as in layer embryos, the temperature treatment promoted gastrocnemius intramuscular fat deposition in broilers (ED18) preceded by increased hindlimb PPAR mRNA (ED7-10). The treatment increased tibia/tarsus bone length as well as femur cross-sectional area in both breeds, but femur length and bone to cartilage ratio in the femur and tibia/tarsus were only increased in treated layers (ED18). We conclude that in ovo temperature manipulation differentially affected the molecular regulation of hindlimb myogenic, adipogenic and growth factor expression in broiler and layer embryos, leading to differential changes in muscle phenotype. The underlying interactive mechanisms between genes and the environment need further investigation.

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“…Albokhadaim et al, 2007). Red-muscle area can be obtained via succinate dehydrogenase staining (Nachlas et al, 1957).…”

Section: Muscle Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological study of larval fishes: challenges and opportunities

Burggren¹,

Blank²

2009

Sci. Mar.

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SUMMARY: Physiological studies of larval fishes have lagged far behind those of adults, yet offer tremendous opportunities for expanding our knowledge of the basic biology of both marine and freshwater fishes. Physiological studies of larval fishes can also improve research and management in areas of applied science, such as aquaculture, fisheries, and environmental assessment. Additionally, larval fishes can be highly effective as general animal models for understanding evolution, development and disease processes in vertebrates. While the small size of larval fishes may initially seem to preclude detailed physiological measurements, physiologists have taken advantage of larval transparency and permeability to drugs and toxins to collect many forms of quantitative physiological data. In this essay we present a number of microtechniques currently employed in larval fish to study the cardiovascular, muscular, neurological, and ionoregulatory systems. Several interesting phenomena, including allometry, developmental plasticity and epigenetic effects, are then discussed from the perspective of the specific contributions that have been or can be made by studies of fish larvae. Ultimately, the integration of larval fish physiology with studies of morphology and behaviour, is both highly feasibly and likely to strengthen basic and applied research in fishes.Keywords: larval fish, physiological techniques, allometry, development, evolution, epigenetics. RESUMEN: ESTUDIO FISIOLÓGICO DE LARVAS DE PECES: RETOS Y OPORTUNIDADES. -Los estudios de fisiología en larvas de peces, están mucho más atrasados que los de peces adultos, sin embargo ofrecen enormes oportunidades para ampliar nuestro conocimiento sobre la biología básica de peces marinos y de agua dulce. Éstos también pueden mejorar la investigación y gestión en ciertas áreas de la ciencia aplicada, como la acuicultura, pesquerías y estudios ambientales. Además, las larvas de peces pueden ser eficaces como modelos animales para comprender la evolución, el desarrollo y los procesos de enfermedades en vertebrados. Mientras que su pequeño tamaño pudiera aparentar la imposibilidad de obtener medidas fisiológicas detalladas, los fisiólogos han aprovechado la transparencia larval y la permeabilidad a las drogas y toxinas para obtener diversas formas de datos fisiológicos cuantitativos. En este ensayo, presentamos un número de microtécnicas empleadas actualmente en larvas de peces, para estudiar los sistemas cardiovascular, muscular, neurológico y de regulación iónica. Varios fenómenos interesantes, incluyendo la alometría, plasticidad del desarrollo y los efectos epigenéticos, se discuten desde la perspectiva de las contribuciones específicas, existentes o potenciales de los estudios en larvas de peces. En última instancia, la integración de la fisiología en las larvas de peces, con los estudios de morfología y comportamiento, no sólo son altamente factibles, sino una probable pieza clave en la investigación básica y aplicada en peces.Palabras clave: larvas de peces, técnica...

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Larval programming of post-hatch muscle growth and activity in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Cited by 35 publications

References 44 publications

In ovotemperature manipulation influences embryonic motility and growth of limb tissues in the chick (Gallus gallus)

In ovotemperature manipulation influences embryonic motility and growth of limb tissues in the chick (Gallus gallus)

In ovotemperature manipulation differentially influences limb musculoskeletal development in two lines of chick embryos selected for divergent growth rates

Physiological study of larval fishes: challenges and opportunities

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