Larval habitats of sand flies in rural areas of southern Brazil

Abstract

We report the results of an investigation of natural larval sand fly habitats in the Recanto Marista, Doutor Camargo municipality, Paraná state, Brazil, from May, 2010 to August, 2012. We used Alencar emergence traps (AT), experimental traps (ET), and soil samples incubated in a biochemical oxygen demand incubator. Eight sand flies were collected with ATs. One specimen was collected with an ET and 21 were collected in soil samples. The collected species were Brumptomyia brumpti, Micropygomyia ferreirana, Migonemyia bursiformis, Migonemyia migonei, Nyssomyia neivai, Nyssomyia whitmani, and Pintomyia pessoai. The laval habitats of sand flies were located in the Recanto Marista, especially between tree roots, but the number of adults that emerged in the traps and soil samples was small despite the high density of sand flies that has been recorded in the Recanto Marista. Journal of Vector Ecology 40 (2): 269-276. 2015.

Molecular typing reveals the co-existence of two transmission cycles of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Andean Region of Venezuela with Lutzomyia migonei as the vector

“…Naturally infected sand flies were caught in all the habitats studied (indoors, outdoors, and woodland), Lu. migonei being more associated with the peri-domestic environment, as has also been found in other countries such as Brazil, 29 and Argentina. 30 As shown in a previous study, females in the Verrucarum group were collected in larger numbers indoors compared to outdoors, 31 which suggests that the transmission of L. mexicana occurs frequently in the domestic environment.…”

Peridomestic natural breeding sites of Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes and Coutinho) in an endemic area of tegumentary leishmaniasis in northeastern Argentina

“…Different types of breeding sites of phlebotomine species have been described in the world. They are usually humid sites rich in organic matter, such as soil in the tropical forest [ 10 , 11 ], soil of animal shelters [ 12 , 13 ], rodent burrows [ 14 ], tree roots and trunks [ 11 , 15 ], leaf litter [ 16 ], termite colonies [ 14 ], and caves and rock crevices [ 17 ]. However, the low collection frequency and low abundance of captured individuals indicates that only a few of these breeding sites can be regarded as stable [ 18 ].…”

“…Pre-imaginal stages of Ny . whitmani were recorded in few works conducted in their distribution area, with no more than five specimens per sample being collected [ 11 , 20 ]. Reinhold-castro et al (2015) collected immature stages of this species in environments near henhouses in Paraná, Brazil, whereas Casanova (2001) found them in the same environments in Sao Paulo, Brazil.…”

Sandfly fauna and behavior (Diptera: Psychodidae) in municipalities of the Mesoregion North Pioneer of Paraná, Brazil

“…The areas in and around domestic animal shelters have favorable conditions for breeding sites of sandflies due to the accumulation of organic matter (food scraps, feces, etc.) and high humidity (Reinhold-Castro et al, 2015). Domestic animal shelters are usually located several meters from the main houses, favoring the invasion of the home by sandflies and increasing the risk of infection by Leishmania (Membrive et al, 2004;Reinhold-Castro et al, 2008).…”

“…Abiotic factors interfere in the evolutionary cycle of sandflies, altering their reproduction. In general, high rainfall and relative humidity are favorable for insect population growth (Reinhold-Castro et al, 2015). Thus, it was found that the highest frequency of sandflies was reported in the rainy season (Reinhold-Castro et al, 2008;Almeida et al, 2013), while in the cold and dry months, there is a reduction in the frequency of these insects (Silva et al, 2008).…”