Larval habitat diversity and mosquito species distribution along the coast of Kenya

Karuitha, Miriam; Bargul, Joel L.; Lutomiah, Joel; Muriu, Simon; Nzovu, Joseph G.; Sang, Rosemary; Mwangangi, Joseph; Mbogo, Charles M.

doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15550.1

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…The results of the present study are also consistent with findings from other African countries (Côte d’Ivoire, Kenya, Mozambique and Ethiopia) where tyres were found to be the most predominant water-holding containers and also to have the highest positivity ratio and the highest abundance of immatures [ 13 , 53 , 55 , 56 ]. When we classified the breeding sites according to the container material, rubber (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Impact of physicochemical parameters of Aedes aegypti breeding habitats on mosquito productivity and the size of emerged adult mosquitoes in Ouagadougou City, Burkina Faso

et al. 2022

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Background Outbreaks of dengue fever caused by viruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are repeated occurrences in West Africa. In recent years, Burkina Faso has experienced major dengue outbreaks, most notably in 2016 and 2017 when 80% of cases were recorded in Ouagadougou City (Central Health Region). In order to better understand the ecology of this vector and to provide information for use in developing control measures, a study on the characteristics of Aedes container breeding sites and the productivity of such sites, as measured by the abundance of immature stages and resultant adult body size, was undertaken in three health districts (Baskuy, Bogodogo and Nongremassom) of Ouagadougou. Methods Adult mosquitoes were collected indoors and outdoors in 643 households during the rainy season from August to October 2018. The presence of water containers was systematically recorded and the containers examined for the presence or absence of larvae. Characteristics of the container breeding sites, including size of the container and temperature, pH and conductivity of the water contained within, were recorded as well as the volume of water. Traditional Stegomyia indices were calculated as quantitative indicators of the risk of dengue outbreaks; generalised mixed models were fitted to larval and pupal densities, and the contribution of each covariate to the model was evaluated by the Z-value and associated P-value. Results A total of 1061 container breeding sites were inspected, of which 760 contained immature stages of Ae. aegypti (‘positive’ containers). The most frequent container breeding sites found in each health district were tyres and both medium (buckets/cans/pots) and large (bins/barrels/drums) containers; these containers were also the most productive larval habitats and the types that most frequently tested positive. Of the Stegomyia indices, the Breteau, House and Container indices exceeded WHO dengue risk thresholds. Generalised linear mixed models showed that larval and pupal abundances were associated with container type, physicochemical characteristics of the water and collection month, but there were significant differences among container types and among health districts. Aedes aegypti body size was positively associated with type and diameter of the container, as well as with electrical conductivity of the water, and negatively associated with pH and temperature of the water and with the level of exposure of the container to sunlight. Conclusion This study provides data on putative determinants of the productivity of habitats regarding Ae. aegypti immature stages. These data are useful to better understand Ae. aegypti proliferation. The results suggest that identifying and targeting the most productive container breeding sites could contribute to dengue vector control strategies in Burkina Faso. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Impact of physicochemical parameters of Aedes aegypti breeding habitats on mosquito productivity and the size of emerged adult mosquitoes in Ouagadougou City, Burkina Faso

et al. 2022

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“…The results are also consistent with ndings from other African countries, Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Ethiopia, where tires were the most predominant water-holding containers and were found to have the highest positivity ratio and the highest abundance of immatures, compared to the rest of the container types [13,54,[57][58][59]. When classifying the breeding sites according to the container material, tire, plastic, and ceramic containers had the highest numbers and positivity rates consistent with previous studies in Ouagadougou [17,50] found that the type of breeding site affects Aedes aegypti mosquito body size.…”

Section: High Entomological Of Arboviruses Transmissionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Impact of Aedes aegypti breeding containers physicochemical parameters on their productivity and adult mosquito body size in Ouagadougou city, Burkina Faso

Ouédraogo

Toé

Sombié

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background Outbreaks of dengue fever caused by viruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are repeatedly reported in West Africa. Burkina Faso has experienced major dengue outbreaks most notably in 2016 and 2017, with 80% of cases recorded in Ouagadougou (Central health region). In order to better understand the ecology of this vector to provide information for control, a study on the productivity of Aedes breeding sites measured by abundance of immature stages, and resultant adult body size, and breeding site characteristics was undertaken in three Health Districts (Baskuy, Bogodogo, and Nongremassom) of the city of Ouagadougou. Methods Adult mosquitoes were collected indoors and outdoors in 643 households during the rainy season from -month- to -month- 2018. Water containers were systematically recorded and prospected for larval presence or absence. Breeding container characteristics including size, temperature, pH and conductivity were recorded as well as water volume. Traditional Stegomyia indices were calculated; generalised mixed models were fitted to larval and pupal densities, and the contribution of each covariate to the model evaluated by the Z-value and associated P-value. Results A total of 1,061 breeding sites were inspected, of which 760 were positive for Aedes aegypti immature stages. Tires, medium (Buckets/Cans/Pots) and large (Bin/barrel/drums) containers were the most frequent, positive and productive larval habitats in each health district. Of the Stegomyia indices, the Breteau, house and container indices exceeded WHO dengue risk thresholds. Generalised Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs) showed that larval and pupal abundances were each associated with container type, physicochemical characteristics and collection month, but with significant differences among container types among health districts. Aedes aegypti body size was positively associated with containers type, diameter, electrical conductivity; and negatively associated with pH, temperature, and a containers’ level of exposure to sunshine. Conclusion We provide data on putative determinants of Aedes aegypti immature habitat productivity, which are useful to better understand Aedes aegypti proliferation. The results suggest that targeting the most productive containers could contribute to dengue vector control strategies in Burkina Faso.

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“…Lineage SEIAUR01 has been isolated from Culex pipiens , Culex restuans , and Aedes canadensis mosquitoes in upstate New York (MalAvi database; Kimura et al 2010). These different mosquito species utilize different habitats for egg deposition and larval development and are all widespread in the continental U.S. (Karuitha et al 2019), which may explain why it is so widespread and found in every state sampled and why it infects a diversity of songbird species ( n = 29) including the Saltmarsh Sparrow (MalAvi database). Further study of mosquito vectors of avian malaria parasites in the eastern U.S. is needed to identify the vector hosts of the other Plasmodium lineages found to infect Saltmarsh Sparrows.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and diversity of malaria parasites (genus Plasmodium) in the imperiled Saltmarsh Sparrow are greater at northern sites

Neuhaus

Lane²,

Kovach

et al. 2023

Ornithological Applications

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Malaria parasites (genus Plasmodium) are important agents of infectious disease in birds and multiple factors, including warming temperatures and environmental contamination, may act to increase their geographic and host ranges. Here, we examined the role of geographical variation and environmental mercury exposure in malaria parasite infection dynamics in an imperiled songbird species with high mercury exposition, the Saltmarsh Sparrow (Ammospiza caudacutus). Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods, we screened 280 Saltmarsh Sparrows from across their breeding range for malaria parasite infection. We detected malaria parasites in 17% of sampled birds and a total of 6 Plasmodium lineages. Prevalence of infection and diversity of parasite lineages varied across the breeding range of the Saltmarsh Sparrow and increased at more northern latitudes. Although mercury is a known immunosuppressant and has been documented to alter an individual’s susceptibility to pathogens, we did not find a significant difference in blood mercury levels between infected and not infected birds, perhaps due to sampling methods and/or small sample sizes. As a specialist of coastal wetlands, the Saltmarsh Sparrow is an excellent indicator species for ecological health, and the patterns of malaria parasite infection with host distribution and mercury suggest that birds at northern latitudes are at greater risk of disease and should be priorities for conservation, habitat, and pathogen monitoring.

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Larval habitat diversity and mosquito species distribution along the coast of Kenya

Cited by 5 publications

References 44 publications

Impact of physicochemical parameters of Aedes aegypti breeding habitats on mosquito productivity and the size of emerged adult mosquitoes in Ouagadougou City, Burkina Faso

Impact of physicochemical parameters of Aedes aegypti breeding habitats on mosquito productivity and the size of emerged adult mosquitoes in Ouagadougou City, Burkina Faso

Impact of Aedes aegypti breeding containers physicochemical parameters on their productivity and adult mosquito body size in Ouagadougou city, Burkina Faso

Prevalence and diversity of malaria parasites (genus Plasmodium) in the imperiled Saltmarsh Sparrow are greater at northern sites

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