Larval feeding behaviour of angel fishPterophyllum scalare(Cichlidae) fed copepodEucyclops serrulatusand cladoceranCeriodaphnia quadrangula

Abstract

Three different live diets, Eucyclops serrulatus, Ceriodaphnia quadrangula and equal combination of E. serrulatus copepodid and C. quadrangula, were offered to angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) larvae viz 1-week, 2-week and 3-week old at prey densities of 2, 5 and 10 individuals mL À1 . Results showed that 1-week-old P. scalare larvae consumed E. serrulatus copepodid at a rate of 31.3-56.7 ind. h À1 , C. quadrangula at 8.0-12.0 ind. h À1 , and mixture of E. serrulatus and C. quadrangula at 20.7-40.7 ind. h À1 . For 2-week-and 3-week-old larvae, consumption rate increased accordingly. The electivity indices (E) of P. scalare (1-week-old larvae) for E. serrulatus copepodid were +0.18, +0.23 and +0.22 at prey densities of 2, 5 and 10 ind. mL À1 respectively. Tendency towards E. serrulatus copepodid consumption reduced by aging P. scalare as indicated by the E values for 2-and 3-week-old larvae. However, growth and survival of P. scalare larvae was greatest when fed on combination of copepod E. serrulatus and C. quadrangula.

Understanding behaviour to improve the welfare of an ornamental fish

“…Farhadian et al . (2014) compared fish reared under three treatments during the first 3 weeks of life: P. scalare fed only with cladocerans, only with copepods and with both at the same time. The individuals which had both types of microcrustaceans available had a higher rate of survival and growth.…”

The effect of Artemia nauplii (Artemia franciscana) enriched with different commercial products on the growth performance of the larvae of freshwater angelfish, Pterophyllum scalare (Lichtenstein, 1823)

“…One problem with their larval culture is related to the administration of suitable food to their mouth opening and nutrient requirements (Çelik et al 2014, Patra andGhosh 2015). In former studies, the angelfish larvae have been fed with live feed organisms such as rotifer, Artemia, and cladoceran (Farhadian et al 2014). The use of live foods has also been attracted attention in broodstock feeding to obtain highquality sperm and eggs and larvae in many aquarium fish including angelfish, discus (Symphysodon aequifasciatus) and beta (Betta splendens) (Khanjani 2021).…”

Resting Egg Production and Fatty Acid Enhancement in the Waterflea, Ceriodaphnia quadrangula, by Using Combination of Light Regime and Food

“…For instance, larvae of angel fish preferred cladocerans (Nandini and Sarma ) and 5‐wk‐old larvae of red eyed tetra, Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae , consumed Moina macrocopa and Ceriodaphnia dubia voraciously (Alanis et al ). Other researchers also reported that 2 and 3‐wk‐old larvae of angel fish, Pterophyllum scalare , and Mayan cichlid, Cichlasoma urophthalmus , preferred cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia quadrangula (Farhadian et al , ), and white leg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei , postlarvae consumed Diaphanosoma celebensis as a superior live food (Khatoon et al ).…”

“…Other researchers also reported that 2 1 Corresponding author. and 3-wk-old larvae of angel fish, Pterophyllum scalare, and Mayan cichlid, Cichlasoma urophthalmus, preferred cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia quadrangula (Farhadian et al 2012a(Farhadian et al , 2012b, and white leg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei , postlarvae consumed Diaphanosoma celebensis as a superior live food (Khatoon et al 2012).…”