1982
DOI: 10.1139/z82-347
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Larval and adult characters of Frickius Germain, its relationship to the Geotrupini, and a phytogeny of some major taxa in the Scarabaeoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera)

Abstract: Adults and larvae of the scarab beetle Frickius variolosus Germain are described. Frickius and Taurocerastes Phil. are considered sister genera. Both adult and larval characters show these to be most closely related to the geotrupine genus Ceratotrupes Jekel and they are placed in the tribe Geotrupini. A phylogeny is presented for the four tribes of the Geotrupinae, nine subfamilies of Scarabaeidae, and the Passalidae and Lucanidae based on analysis of 39 adult and larval characters.

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Cited by 75 publications
(89 citation statements)
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“…Par la suite, TANNER (1927) (HOWDEN 1982, BROWNE & SCHOLTZ 1995 , BÜHRNHEIM 1978, REYES-CASTILLO et al 1987, BOUCHER 1986, SCHUSTER 1993. Il n'est pas du tout certain que cette asymétrie soit une conséquence de la rotation de l'organe lors de la copulation.…”
Section: Postabdomenunclassified
“…Par la suite, TANNER (1927) (HOWDEN 1982, BROWNE & SCHOLTZ 1995 , BÜHRNHEIM 1978, REYES-CASTILLO et al 1987, BOUCHER 1986, SCHUSTER 1993. Il n'est pas du tout certain que cette asymétrie soit une conséquence de la rotation de l'organe lors de la copulation.…”
Section: Postabdomenunclassified
“…The major group is the Scarabaeidae with 3000 species arranged in seven subfamilies. The Geotrupidae is a closely related group, which is sometimes considered a subfamily of the Scarabaeidae (Howden, 1982). However, Lawrence & Britton (1994) and Cassis & Weir (1992a) regard the Geotrupidae as a distinct family on the basis of the advanced type of aedeagus and the ovipositor without styli (Lawrence & Newton, 1982).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…All species of Heterocheylus are subelytral symbionts of passalid beetles, and their association with these beetles in decaying wood is known from throughout most of the world distribution of these beetles, including Africa, Australia, south-eastern Asia, South America and eastern North America (Schuster & Lavoipierre 1970). Passalids are one of the more ancient families of scarabaeoid beetles (Howden 1982;Scholtz 1990), with the oldest probable scarabeoid fossils dating back to the Early Jurassic, nearly 200…”
Section: Nasutiacarus Perplexusmentioning
confidence: 99%