Larvae of the North American Tortricinae (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Abstract

This work is a continuation of that already published on the larvae of the Olethreutidae (now considered to be a subfamily, the Olethreutinae), and is to be used in association with the latter, since no larval characters as yet known separate the two subfamilies. Over 100 species of the North American Tortricinae are discussed, the late-instar larvae of 97 of these are described, and morphological characters of most of them illustrated. Many of them are well-known economic pests such as the spruce and pine budworms, the black-headed budworm, the omnivorous leaf tier, etc. Keys to tribes, genera, species groups and species are provided. The inadequacies of a taxonomic classification based solely upon adult characters are also demonstrated in an examination of the larvae of the genus Archips as presently established.

Comparative ecology of conifer-feeding spruce budworms (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

“…Until the 1950s, forest entomologists applied the species name "fumiferana" to all budworms even though they recognised different biogeographic entities associated with different host-tree species. The outbreaks that occurred in the mid-20th century prompted taxonomic revision of the group drawn from detailed morphological studies of adults (Freeman 1947) and larvae (MacKay 1962). The many polymorphisms within species and overlap of characters among species, however, obscured clear separation of species based on conventional morphology (Harvey 1985(Harvey , 1996.…”

Seed Reduction in Prairie Cordgrass, Spartina pectinata Link., by the Floret-Feeding Caterpillar Aethes spartinana (Barnes and McDunnough)

“…Larvae collected from panicles and stems at all six midwestern states are believed to be A. spartinana based on the known biology of this insect [17,18], the successful rearing of adults from larvae collected in prairie cordgrass in Illinois, and the clear similarity of larvae from sampling in the other five states. Further, larval specimens from prairie cordgrass panicles [17], is in the tribe Archipinae and has a larval appearance clearly distinct from A. spartinana [22]. The presence of A. spartinana is most easily detected by examining spikes after cordgrass anthesis.…”

Descripción del último estado larvario y recopilación de registros de hospederos de siete especies de Tortrícidos de importancia económica en Chile (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

“…Este material biológico está depositado en la colección del Museo Entomológico Luis Peña del Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, de la Universidad de Chile (MEUC). La nomenclatura utilizada en la descripción de la quetotaxia de las larvas y otros detalles morfológicos están basados en los aportes de Hinton (1946), MacKay (1959MacKay ( ,1962, Hetz & Werner (1980), Stehr (1987), Vargas (2006) y Passoa (2008. Respecto a la terminología utilizada en la descripción de antenas, está basado en el trabajo de Vargas (2007b).…”

“…En un ejemplar, en segmento A10 la seta D1 estaba en pináculo separado a SD1, solo en un lado, carácter propio de los Tortricinae (MacKay 1962). En segmentos A1 y A8, en ocasiones la seta SD2 puede estar separada a SD1.…”