Larvae of the coral eating crown‐of‐thorns starfish, <i>Acanthaster planci</i> in a warmer‐high <scp>CO</scp><sub>2</sub> ocean

Kamya, Pamela Z.; Dworjanyn, Symon A.; Hardy, Natasha; Mos, Benjamin; Uthicke, Sven; Byrne, Maria

doi:10.1111/gcb.12530

Cited by 46 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 111 publications

(206 reference statements)

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“…solaris in Guam [44]. Thus, it appears that the hatching stage is relatively resilient to lower pH while other time points in development are more vulnerable in both earlier (e.g., gametes) and later (e.g., larvae) life stages of COTS, creating potential life history bottlenecks [44,[57][58][59], while there are potential benefits of near future ocean acidification for the early juvenile [60].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Salinity and pH on Fertilization, Early Development, and Hatching in the Crown-of-Thorns Seastar

et al. 2017

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Understanding the influence of environmental factors on the development and dispersal of crown-of-thorns seastars is critical to predicting when and where outbreaks of these coral-eating seastars will occur. Outbreaks of crown-of-thorns seastars are hypothesized to be driven by terrestrial runoff events that increase nutrients and the phytoplankton food for the larvae. In addition to increasing larval food supply, terrestrial runoff may also reduce salinity in the waters where seastars develop. We investigated the effects of reduced salinity on the fertilization and early development of seastars. We also tested the interactive effects of reduced salinity and reduced pH on the hatching of crown-of-thorns seastars. Overall, we found that reduced salinity has strong negative effects on fertilization and early development, as shown in other echinoderm species. We also found that reduced salinity delays hatching, but that reduced pH, in isolation or in combination with lower salinity, had no detectable effects on this developmental milestone. Models that assess the positive effects of terrestrial runoff on the development of crown-of-thorns seastars should also consider the strong negative effects of lower salinity on early development including lower levels of fertilization, increased frequency of abnormal development, and delayed time to hatching.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Salinity and pH on Fertilization, Early Development, and Hatching in the Crown-of-Thorns Seastar

et al. 2017

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“…has received a great deal of attention (e.g., Lucas 1982;Olson and Olson 1989) and there has been a recent resurgence in research on the environmental tolerances of CoTS larvae aimed at establishing the vulnerability of Acanthaster spp. to ocean warming and acidification (Uthicke et al 2013;Kamya et al 2014;Lamare et al 2014;Caballes et al 2017b). Temperature is widely regarded as the foremost abiotic factor influencing development rates and survivorship of planktonic larvae (Byrne 2011), and Acanthaster spp.…”

Section: Question 5 (Larvae and Juveniles) -Do Certain Physical Condimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…35 of 50 evident in the reduced size of the brachiolaria (Kamya et al 2014). Without acclimation to changing climate, even moderate ocean warming (1-2 °C) is therefore, likely to impose significant constraints on reproduction and settlement rates.…”

Section: Cots and Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, projected changes in ocean temperatures and seawater chemistry are also expected to have direct effects on Acanthaster spp. (Uthicke et al 2013(Uthicke et al , 2015bKamya et al 2014;Lamare et al 2014;Sparks et al 2016;Allen et al 2017;Caballes et al 2017b) and juveniles (Uthicke et al 2013;Kamya et al 2016Kamya et al , 2017 especially during early life-history stages.The optimal temperatures for embryonic and larval development of A. cf. solaris (28-29 °C), reflects ambient temperatures currently experienced during the reproductive season in the northern GBR (Lamare et al 2014;Caballes et al 2017b).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…solaris (28-29 °C), reflects ambient temperatures currently experienced during the reproductive season in the northern GBR (Lamare et al 2014;Caballes et al 2017b). Above these temperatures embryonic abnormality and mortality increase (Lamare et al 2014;Sparks et al 2016) and larval growth is impaired, as Peer-reviewed version available at Diversity 2017, 9, 41; doi:10.3390/d904004135 of 50 evident in the reduced size of the brachiolaria (Kamya et al 2014). Without acclimation to changing climate, even moderate ocean warming (1-2 °C) is therefore, likely to impose significant constraints on reproduction and settlement rates.…”

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confidence: 99%

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30 Years of Research on Crown-of-thorns Starfish (1986-2016): Scientific Advances and Emerging Opportunities

Pratchett¹,

Caballes²,

Wilmes³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract:Research on the coral-eating crown-of-thorns starfish (CoTS) has waxed and waned over the last few decades, mostly in accordance with the occurrence of population outbreaks at key locations, such as Australia's Great Barrier Reef. This review considers advances in our understanding of the biology and ecology of CoTS based on the latest resurgence of research interest, which culminated in this current special issue on the Biology, Ecology and Management of Crown-of-Thorns Starfish. More specifically, this review considers progress against 41 specific research questions posed in the seminal review by P. Moran 30 years ago, as well as exploring new directions for CoTS research. Despite the plethora of research on CoTS (> 1,200 research articles), there are persistent knowledge gaps that constrain effective management of outbreaks. Although directly addressing some of these questions will be extremely difficult, there have been considerable advances in understanding the biology of CoTS, if not the proximal and ultimate cause(s) of outbreaks. Moving forward, researchers need to embrace new technologies and opportunities to advance understanding of CoTS biology and behaviour, with focus given to key questions that will improve effectiveness of management to reduce the frequency and likelihood of future outbreaks, if not preventing them altogether.Keywords: Acanthaster; coral reefs, disturbance; management; population outbreaks; research priorities Peer-reviewed version available at Diversity 2017, 9, 41; doi:10.3390/d90400412 of 50 BackgroundCrown-of-thorns starfish (CoTS; Acanthaster spp., excluding A. brevispinus) are renowned for their capacity to devastate coral reef ecosystems . This is primarily because local densities of CoTS can increase from normally very low densities (<1 starfish.ha -1 ) to extremely high densities (>1,000 starfish.ha -1 ) during periodic population outbreaks (e.g. Chesher 1969). Moreover, CoTS are one of the largest and most efficient predators on scleractinian corals (Birkeland 1989). Whereas most other individual coral-feeding organisms (e.g., Chaetodon butterflyfishes, and Drupella snails) cause only localised injuries or tissue-loss (Cole et al. 2008;Rotjan and Lewis 2008), adult CoTS can kill entire corals, including relatively large colonies. High densities of CoTS will therefore, cause rapid and extensive coral depletion. In French Polynesia, for example, high densities of CoTS caused systematic coral loss around the entire circumference of the island of Moorea, killing >96% of coral between 2005(Kayal et al. 2012). More broadly, outbreaks of Acanthaster spp. are a major contributor to sustained declines in coral cover and degradation of coral reefs at many locations throughout the Indo west-Pacific (Osborne et al. 2011;Trapon et al. 2011;De'ath et al. 2012).While there has been considerable research, and a larger number of scientific articles (>940) focused on Acanthaster spp., extending back to the 1960s (Goreau 1964;Pearson and Endean 1969), research interest (and fundin...

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Impacts of ocean warming on echinoderms: A meta‐analysis

Lang

Donelson

Bairos‐Novak

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Rising ocean temperatures are threatening marine species and populations worldwide, and ectothermic taxa are particularly vulnerable. Echinoderms are an ecologically important phylum of marine ectotherms and shifts in their population dynamics can have profound impacts on the marine environment. The effects of warming on echinoderms are highly variable across controlled laboratory‐based studies. Accordingly, synthesis of these studies will facilitate the better understanding of broad patterns in responses of echinoderms to ocean warming. Herein, a meta‐analysis incorporating the results of 85 studies (710 individual responses) is presented, exploring the effects of warming on various performance predictors. The mean responses of echinoderms to all magnitudes of warming were compared across multiple biological responses, ontogenetic life stages, taxonomic classes, and regions, facilitated by multivariate linear mixed effects models. Further models were conducted, which only incorporated responses to warming greater than the projected end‐of‐century mean annual temperatures at the collection sites. This meta‐analysis provides evidence that ocean warming will generally accelerate metabolic rate (+32%) and reduce survival (−35%) in echinoderms, and echinoderms from subtropical (−9%) and tropical (−8%) regions will be the most vulnerable. The relatively high vulnerability of echinoderm larvae to warming (−20%) indicates that this life stage may be a significant developmental bottleneck in the near‐future, likely reducing successful recruitment into populations. Furthermore, asteroids appear to be the class of echinoderms that are most negatively affected by elevated temperature (−30%). When considering only responses to magnitudes of warming representative of end‐of‐century climate change projections, the negative impacts on asteroids, tropical species and juveniles were exacerbated (−51%, −34% and −40% respectively). The results of these analyses enable better predictions of how keystone and invasive echinoderm species may perform in a warmer ocean, and the possible consequences for populations, communities and ecosystems.

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Larvae of the coral eating crown‐of‐thorns starfish, Acanthaster planci in a warmer‐high CO₂ ocean

Cited by 46 publications

References 111 publications

The Effects of Salinity and pH on Fertilization, Early Development, and Hatching in the Crown-of-Thorns Seastar

The Effects of Salinity and pH on Fertilization, Early Development, and Hatching in the Crown-of-Thorns Seastar

30 Years of Research on Crown-of-thorns Starfish (1986-2016): Scientific Advances and Emerging Opportunities

Impacts of ocean warming on echinoderms: A meta‐analysis

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Larvae of the coral eating crown‐of‐thorns starfish, Acanthaster planci in a warmer‐high CO2 ocean

Cited by 46 publications

References 111 publications

The Effects of Salinity and pH on Fertilization, Early Development, and Hatching in the Crown-of-Thorns Seastar

The Effects of Salinity and pH on Fertilization, Early Development, and Hatching in the Crown-of-Thorns Seastar

30 Years of Research on Crown-of-thorns Starfish (1986-2016): Scientific Advances and Emerging Opportunities

Impacts of ocean warming on echinoderms: A meta‐analysis

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Larvae of the coral eating crown‐of‐thorns starfish, Acanthaster planci in a warmer‐high CO₂ ocean