Larvae of Elaphostrongylus cervi in a Population of Free-living Red Deer in Italy

Morandi, Federico; Galuppi, Roberta; Nicoloso, Sandro; Benazzi, Cinzia; Tampieri, Maria Paola; Simoni, Paolo

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-42.4.870

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The presence of L1 of Elaphostrongylinae in red deer in the study area (Northern Province of Varese) was confirmed by parasitological examinations, with a prevalence of 45.2%, consistent with epidemiological data from Handeland & Slettbakk (1995), Pusterla et al (1998b) and Morandi et al (2006). The morphometric characteristics of the larvae were consistent with results from other authors (Baruš & Blažek, 1973; Kutzer & Prosl, 1975; English et al , 1985; Demiaszkiewicz, 1986; Řezáč, 1990; Vicente & Gortázar, 2001; Morandi et al , 2006; Panayotova-Pencheva & Alexandrov, 2008) (table 1), as belonging to the genus Elaphostrongylus . Elaphostrongylus alces and E. rangiferi only affect reindeer and moose, but not red deer (Lankester, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Elaphostrongylus alces and E. rangiferi only affect reindeer and moose, but not red deer (Lankester, 2001). The specificity of E. rangiferi and E. alces for hosts that are not present in Italy strongly suggests the identity of the nematode as being E. cervi (Morandi et al, 2006), similarly to that reported for the nearby Canton Ticino (Pusterla et al, 1998b(Pusterla et al, , 2001. Moreover, the PCR assay confirmed our morphological identification of the larvae extracted with the Baermann technique.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…All faecal samples were analysed by a modified Baermann technique to recover the L1 of Protostrongylidae (Garippa et al , 2010). The obtained sediment was observed with a light microscope to find larvae, which were then identified according to their morphological and morphometric features, which were compared with descriptions from the following authors: Baruš & Blažek (1973), Kutzer & Prosl (1975), English et al (1985), Demiaszkiewicz (1986), Řezáč (1990), Vicente & Gortázar (2001), Morandi et al (2006) and Panayotova-Pencheva & Alexandrov (2008). At least ten larvae per animal were measured by Axiovision ® software (http://www.zeiss.it).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Italy E. cervi has been recorded in a population of hunted red deer from Tuscan-Emilian Appennines (Morandi et al , 2006), in a single red deer and in a goat showing neurological disease respectively from the provinces of Trento (Bregoli et al , 2006) and Varese (Sironi et al , 2006). This data prompted our investigation into the actual presence and spread of E. cervi in the deer population from the province of Varese and the consequent risk of cerebrospinal nematodiasis in goats and sheep.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elaphostrongylus cervi in a population of red deer (Cervus elaphus) and evidence of cerebrospinal nematodiasis in small ruminants in the province of Varese, Italy

et al. 2010

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Thirty-one faecal samples were collected from red deer in the northern area of Varese, in the Italian region of Lombardy, between August and October 2008. The animals had either been hunted or accidently killed. Examination for internal parasites showed a prevalence of 45.2% for Elaphostrongylus cervi larvae and species identification was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Ninety-seven faecal samples were also collected from two goat flocks grazing in the same area between December 2007 and May 2008. These showed a prevalence of 74.7% for lungworms. Furthermore, the central nervous systems from five goats and one sheep from this area with a history of neurologically related lameness were examined. Histopathology confirmed E. cervi cerebro-spinal nematodiasis in five cases out of six. This study demonstrates E. cervi transmission from wild to domestic ruminants when the animals graze in the same area, and the possible occurrence of clinical disease in infected goats and sheep associated with high prevalence in deer.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elaphostrongylus cervi in a population of red deer (Cervus elaphus) and evidence of cerebrospinal nematodiasis in small ruminants in the province of Varese, Italy

et al. 2010

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“…Elaphostrongylosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis when a domestic ruminant or farmed deer exhibits neurological clinical signs and has a history of grazing on pastures frequented by red deer [10]. Based on studies in neighboring countries [10,40,41], the assumption is that the red deer population in Slovenia has a high prevalence of E. cervi. However, further studies are needed to assess the prevalence in the resident red deer population and the associated risk for grazing domestic ruminants and farmed mixed herds of deer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The First Report of Elaphostrongylus cervi Infection in Two Imported Wapitis (Cervus canadensis) in Slovenia

Bandelj

Juntes

Vengušt

et al. 2022

Veterinary Sciences

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This study describes two female wapitis (Cervus canadensis) with neurological signs associated with an Elaphostrongylus cervi (E. cervi) infection. The original host of the nematode parasite is the Eurasian red deer (Cervus elaphus), although other cervids and small ruminants may also be affected. The two wapitis imported from Canada were kept in an enclosure with the Slovenian red deer herd. After developing debilitating neurological signs, the wapitis were euthanized and examined for possible causes. A histopathological examination of the brain of the first wapiti revealed severe diffuse perivascular meningoencephalitis with chronic vasculitis, and some cross-sections of nematodes were found in the leptomeninges. A necropsy of the second wapiti revealed severe pachymeningitis and leptomeningitis, where several adult nematode parasites were found. E. cervi was confirmed by molecular methods. The prevalence of E. cervi in the European red deer population is high, but no study has been conducted to assess its prevalence in Slovenia. This was the first confirmation of E. cervi in Slovenia and the first infection with this parasite described in Europe in a wapiti. Elaphostrongylus cervi should also be considered as a differential diagnosis in Europe for all ruminants grazing on pastures frequented by red deer and showing neurological clinical signs.

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Morphometric characteristics of first stage Elaphostrongylus cervi (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) larvae from Bulgaria

Panayotova-Pencheva

Alexandrov

2008

Eur J Wildl Res

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A description of the morphology of first stage Elaphostrongylus cervi (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) larvae on materials from Bulgaria is presented. The larvae were obtained from a red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) from the wildlife-breeding station "Vitinya" in the Balkan Mountains. The metric results about the larvae in micrometers are as follows: body length −423 (377-473), maximum body width −20 (18-24), esophagus length −193 (172-217), distance from the anterior body end to the excretory pore −110 (85-134), distance from the anterior body end to the genital premordium −281 (218-324), distance from the anus to the tail tip −37 (32-42), and tail length −11 (10-14). The present data were compared with previous reports on the same species in West and Central Europe. This is the first morphometric description of first stage E. cervi larvae from Bulgaria and Southeast Europe.

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Larvae of Elaphostrongylus cervi in a Population of Free-living Red Deer in Italy

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Elaphostrongylus cervi in a population of red deer (Cervus elaphus) and evidence of cerebrospinal nematodiasis in small ruminants in the province of Varese, Italy

Elaphostrongylus cervi in a population of red deer (Cervus elaphus) and evidence of cerebrospinal nematodiasis in small ruminants in the province of Varese, Italy

The First Report of Elaphostrongylus cervi Infection in Two Imported Wapitis (Cervus canadensis) in Slovenia

Morphometric characteristics of first stage Elaphostrongylus cervi (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) larvae from Bulgaria

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