Largest known historical eruption in Africa: Dubbi volcano, Eritrea, 1861

Wiart, Pierre; Oppenheimer, Clive

doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2000)28<291:lkheia>2.0.co;2

Cited by 27 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 16 publications

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“…The Afar depression is the site of historic volcanic eruptions from 13 volcanic complexes (DallaFilla, Erta'Ale, Dubbi, Nabro, Manda-Inakir, Dama'Ale, Ardoukoba, Alayta, Dabbahu, Manda-Hararo, Fantale, Kone) (e.g., Abdallah et al, 1979;Gouin, 1979;Audin et al, 1990;Wiart and Oppenheimer, 2000;Lahitte et al, 2003;Yirgu and Ayele, 2006;Ferguson et al, 2011;Oppenheimer et al, 2011;Pagli et al, 2012) and numerous large dike intrusions (Figs. 3, 4).…”

Section: Tectono-magmatic Rifting Cycles: Mature Rift Zonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The time scales of continental rifting: Implications for global processes

Ebinger

Wijk

Keir

2013

The Web of Geological Sciences: Advances, Impacts, and Interactions

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The rifting cycle initiates with stress buildup, release as earthquakes and/or magma intrusions/eruptions, and visco-elastic rebound, multiple episodes of which combine to produce the observed, time-averaged rift zone architecture. The aim of our synthesis of current research initiatives into continental rifting-to-rupture processes is to quantify the time and length scales of faulting and magmatism that produce the time-averaged rift structures imaged in failed rifts and passive margins worldwide. We compare and contrast seismic and geodetic strain patterns during discrete, intense rifting episodes in magmatic and amagmatic sectors of the East African rift zone that span early-to late-stage rifting. We also examine the longer term rifting cycle and its relation to changing far-fi eld extension directions with examples from the Rio Grande rift zone and other cratonic rifts. Over time periods of millions of years, periods of rotating regional stress fi elds are marked by a lull in magmatic activity and a temporary halt to tectonic rift opening. Admittedly, rifting cycle comparisons are biased by the short time scale of global seismic and geodetic measurements, which span a small fraction of the 10 2 -10 5 year rifting cycle. Within rift sectors with upper crustal magma chambers beneath the central rift valley (e.g., Main Ethiopian, Afar, and Eastern or Gregory rifts) seismic energy release accounts for a small fraction of the deformation; most of the strain is accommodated by magma intrusion and slowslip. Magma intrusion processes appear to decrease the time period between rifting episodes, effectively accelerating the rift to rupture process. Thus, the inter-seismic period in rift zones with crustal magma reservoirs is strongly dependent upon the

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Section: Tectono-magmatic Rifting Cycles: Mature Rift Zonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The time scales of continental rifting: Implications for global processes

Ebinger

Wijk

Keir

2013

The Web of Geological Sciences: Advances, Impacts, and Interactions

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Seismicity and subsidence following the 2011 Nabro eruption, Eritrea: Insights into the plumbing system of an off‐rift volcano

et al. 2014

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Nabro volcano, situated to the east of the Afar Rift Zone, erupted on 12 June 2011. Eruptions at such off‐rift volcanoes are infrequent, and consequently, the plumbing systems are poorly understood. We present posteruption Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images from the TerraSAR‐X satellite and posteruption continuous seismic activity from a local seismic array. Interferometric analysis of SAR data, reveals a circular, 12 km wide, signal subsiding at ∼200 mm/yr. We inverted for the best fit Mogi source finding a 4 ± 1 × 107 m3/yr volume decrease at 7 ± 1 km depth. Between 31 August and 7 October 2011, we located 658 and relocated 456 earthquakes with local magnitudes between −0.4 and 4.5. Seismicity beneath the SE edge of Nabro at 11 km depth is likely associated with high strain rates from deep magma flow into the modeled reservoir. This suggests that magma is supplied through a narrow conduit and then stored at ∼7 km depth. We interpret seismicity at 4–6 km depth as brittle fracturing above the inferred magma reservoir. Focal mechanisms delineate a thrust fault striking NE‐SW and dipping 45° to the SE across the caldera floor. We propose that the crustal response is to slip on this fault which crosscuts the caldera rather than to deform on ring faults. The NE‐SW fault plane is not associated with measurable surface deformation, indicating that it does not contribute much to the caldera deformation. We show that subsidence of the caldera is controlled by magma chamber processes rather than fault slip.

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Seismicity of the Western Side of the Southern Red Sea

Ogubazghi

Goitom

2015

The Red Sea

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Largest known historical eruption in Africa: Dubbi volcano, Eritrea, 1861

Cited by 27 publications

References 16 publications

The time scales of continental rifting: Implications for global processes

The time scales of continental rifting: Implications for global processes

Seismicity and subsidence following the 2011 Nabro eruption, Eritrea: Insights into the plumbing system of an off‐rift volcano

Seismicity of the Western Side of the Southern Red Sea

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