Larger Thyroid Volume and Adequate Iodine Nutrition in Chinese Schoolchildren: Local Normative Reference Values Compared with WHO/IGN

Mo, Zhe; Lou, Xiaoming; Mao, Guangming; Wang, Zhifang; Zhu, Wei; Chen, Zhijian

doi:10.1155/2016/8079704

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Compared with iodine nutrition of other parts of China, the iodine nutrition of Wuhan which located in central of China was relatively adequate. The MUI of Zhejiang Province which located in the eastern coastal area of China was 178ug/L [20].Similar to the results of this study, the MUI of Chongqing, which located in western China was found to be 222.00ug/L [17].The present result indicated that the situation of iodine de ciency in Wuhan have been corrected, and the comprehensive prevention and control measures based on salt iodization for 26 years have achieved remarkable achievements. However, excessive iodine nutrition (≥ 300 µg/L) was observed among 36.70% of the children, especially in Hannan district ,and 14.00% of the children had UIC below requirement(< 100 µg/L).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Iodine Nutritional Status and Thyroid volume of School-Aged Children in Wuhan, central of China

Chen

Yang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background/Aims: Iodine deficiency is a public health problem over the world. China has achieved the iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) elimination goal through a mandatory universal salt iodization (USI) program. The aim of this study is to assess the current iodine nutritional status and thyroid volume of school-aged children in Wuhan, central of China. Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted among 8–10 years old children from 5 districts in Wuhan. A total of 1000 students were investigated. Salt iodine concentrations, urine iodine concentrations were determined using the standardized methods recommended by WHO/ICCIDD. An ultrasonography of thyroid and anthropometric measurements were performed in all subjects. Results The median urinary iodine concentration(MUI) of students was 247.50 µg/L with interquartile range of 147.00 to 384.00 µg/L. Two districts were classified as regions with adequate iodine nutrition, two districts as regions above the requirement, and one district as a region excessive according to the MUI. The prevalence of goiter was 3.0% and 7.8% according to Chinese national and WHO reference values, respectively, and the difference was not observed among different iodine nutrition groups(P༞0.05). The median thyroid volume(Tvol) of all students was 2.56 ml and the P97 of thyroid volume of both male and female in our study was generally higher than that reported by WHO/ICCIDD in 2007 as a function of age and BSA. The Tvol was in significant association with age, height, weight and BSA by Spearman’s correlation analysis(P < 0.001),and the result of multivariate linear regression analysis showed that only BSA were found to have a significant effect on thyroid volume after log conversion (t = 13.437, P < 0.001). Conclusion The present study indicated that the iodine nutrition among school-aged children in Wuhan was generally adequate with a relatively low goiter rate, while some of them have excess iodine nutrition. Thyroid volume in our study was higher than the reference of WHO and showed a significant correlation with BSA. So further researches were needed to evaluate the thyroid function in children with iodine excessive and the applicability of WHO reference in goiter diagnose. It was also highly recommended to establish the local reference values for thyroid volume that might be applicable to precisely define goiter prevalence in Wuhan.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Iodine Nutritional Status and Thyroid volume of School-Aged Children in Wuhan, central of China

Chen

Yang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Studies have found that both height and weight were correlated with TVOL, and the TVOL can be well predicted by them (19)(20)(21)(22) , especially weight on TVOL (23) . In this study, TVOL increased significantly with the increase of weight and height, and both height and weight were significantly correlated with TVOL in simple linear regression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on association between height, weight, iodine supplementation and thyroid volume

Liu

et al. 2021

Br J Nutr

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The policy of Universal Salt Iodization (USI) could reduce population’s thyroid volume (TVOL) in iodine deficiency areas. Conversely, the improved growth and developmental status of children might increase the TVOL accordingly. Whether the decreased TVOL by USI conceals the increase effect of height and weight on TVOL is unclear. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between height, weight, iodine supplementation and TVOL. Five national Iodine Deficiency Disorder surveys were matched into four pairs according to the purpose of analysis. County-level data of both detected by paired surveys were incorporated, 1: 1 random pairing method was used to match counties or individuals. The difference of TVOL between different height, weight, different iodine supplementation measures groups and the association between TVOL and them were studied. The mean height and weight of children aged 8-10 years increased from 129.9cm and 26.9kg in 2002 to 136.2cm and 32.1kg in 2019; while the median TVOL decreased from 3.10ml to 2.61ml. Iodine supplementation measures can affect TVOL; after exclude iodine effects, the median TVOL was increased with the height and weight. On the other side, after excluding the influence of height and weight, the median TVOL remained decreased. Only age, weight and salt iodine were significant associated with TVOL in multiple linear models. Development of height and weight in children is the evidence of improved nutrition. The decreased TVOL caused by iodized salt measures conceals the increase effect of height and weight on TVOL. Age, weight, and salt iodine affect TVOL significantly.

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“…Some factors such as age, sex, parity, smoking status, ethnicity, genetic causes, and geographic region affecting Tvol have been described [9][10][11][12][13]. It is recommended that the areaand population-specific references are needed to evaluate the normative values of Tvol [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Reference Values for Thyroid Volume and a Comprehensive Assessment for Influencing Factors in Chinese Adults with Iodine Sufficiency

Guo¹,

Tan²,

Dong³

et al. 2021

Eur Thyroid J

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Objectives: The reference values for thyroid volume (Tvol) determined by ultrasound require supportive data of normal Tvol from local iodine-sufficient populations. This study aimed to explore new reference values for Tvol in Chinese adults and comprehensively evaluate the factors associated with enlarged Tvol. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tianjin, China. Tvol was measured by ultrasound in adults with long-term iodine sufficiency. Blood and urine samples were collected to evaluate biochemical indexes, thyroid function, and iodine status. Results: A total of 1,991 adults from the urban and suburban areas were analysed. The trend of Tvol increasing with age was observed in men under age 40 years and in women under age 52 years. In the quantile regression analyses, we found that body surface area (BSA) (β = 7.22, 95% CI: 5.33, 9.12), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (β = −1.48, 95% CI: −2.39, −0.57), thyroid nodules (TNs) (β = 6.70, 95% CI: 2.19, 11.22), and metabolic syndrome (MetS) (β = 1.40, 95% CI: 0.63, 2.17) had a strong effect on Tvol at higher percentiles in males. The dominant factors influencing Tvol were BSA (β = 9.64, 95% CI: 2.66, 16.61), TSH (β = −0.78, 95% CI: −1.16, −0.39), and TNs (β = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.43, 1.79) in females. The largest reference values for Tvol based on BSA were 20.18 (17.79, 24.32) mL in males and 15.31 (14.05, 16.70) mL in females. Conclusions: Quantile regression analyses showed that a high BSA index, a decreased TSH level, and the prevalence of TNs were essential factors associated with the enlargement of the thyroid gland. Our findings reported the new reference values for Tvol determined by ultrasound based on gender and BSA in Chinese adults.

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Larger Thyroid Volume and Adequate Iodine Nutrition in Chinese Schoolchildren: Local Normative Reference Values Compared with WHO/IGN

Cited by 16 publications

References 26 publications

Iodine Nutritional Status and Thyroid volume of School-Aged Children in Wuhan, central of China

Iodine Nutritional Status and Thyroid volume of School-Aged Children in Wuhan, central of China

Study on association between height, weight, iodine supplementation and thyroid volume

New Reference Values for Thyroid Volume and a Comprehensive Assessment for Influencing Factors in Chinese Adults with Iodine Sufficiency

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