Larger and More Prominent Graphic Health Warnings on Plain-Packaged Tobacco Products and Avoidant Responses in Current Smokers: a Qualitative Study

Hardcastle, Sarah J.; Chan, Derwin King Chung; Caudwell, Kim M.; Sultan, Sarwat; Cranwell, Jo; Chatzisarantis, Nikos L. D.; Hagger, Martin S.

doi:10.1007/s12529-015-9487-x

Cited by 14 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…As already hinted at, techniques of avoidance were common throughout the three fieldsites with graphic warning labels in place, a phenomenon that has also been reported in a recent qualitative study on Australian smokers' responses to plain packaging (see Hardcastle et al, 2015). In Vancouver and Canberra, a minority of participants decanted cigarettes to other containers or certain packets were exchanged for ones with less threatening warnings (6 of 60 in Vancouver, 9 of 70 in Canberra).…”

Section: Techniques Of Avoidance Refusals Of Engagementsupporting

confidence: 54%

Does the hand that controls the cigarette packet rule the smoker? Findings from ethnographic interviews with smokers in Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom and the USA

Bell

Dennis

Robinson

et al. 2015

Social Science & Medicine

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Throughout the twentieth century, packaging was a carefully cultivated element of the appeal of the cigarette. However, the tobacco industry's control over cigarette packaging has been steadily eroded through legislation that aims to rebrand the packet from a desirable to a dangerous commodity-epitomized in Australia's introduction of plain packaging in 2012. Evident in both the enactment of cigarette packaging legislation and industry efforts to overturn it is the assumption that packets do things-i.e. that they have a critical role to play in either promoting or discouraging the habit. Drawing on 175 ethnographic interviews conducted with people smoking in public spaces in Vancouver, Canada; Canberra, Australia; Liverpool, England; and San Francisco, USA, we produce a 'thick description' of smokers' engagements with cigarette packets. We illustrate that despite the very different types of cigarette packaging legislation in place in the four countries, there are marked similarities in the ways smokers engage with their packets. In particular, they are not treated as a purely visual sign; instead, a primary means through which one's own cigarette packet is apprehended is by touch rather than by sight. Smokers perceive cigarette packets largely through the operations of their hands-through their 'handiness'. Thus, our study findings problematize the assumption that how smokers engage with packets when asked to do so on a purely intellectual or aesthetic level reflects how they engage with packets as they are enfolded into their everyday lives.

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Section: Techniques Of Avoidance Refusals Of Engagementsupporting

confidence: 54%

Does the hand that controls the cigarette packet rule the smoker? Findings from ethnographic interviews with smokers in Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom and the USA

Bell

Dennis

Robinson

et al. 2015

Social Science & Medicine

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“…However, diagnosis with coronary artery disease was not related to attitudes or intentions to participate in self-management behaviors. To speculate, it may be that such representations may lead to maladaptive coping behaviors such as avoidance or denial, a finding that has been identified in previous research [68].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Predicting Self-Management Behaviors in Familial Hypercholesterolemia Using an Integrated Theoretical Model: the Impact of Beliefs About Illnesses and Beliefs About Behaviors

et al. 2016

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“…However, smokers are not necessarily exposed to warnings when they take a cigarette, including in markets with plain packaging, one of the core aims of which is to prevent pack design from detracting from the warnings. In Australia, for instance, there is evidence that some smokers use cases, reuse fully-branded packs, or cover or conceal packs (Wakefield et al 2015;Hardcastle et al 2016;Yong et al 2016), and eye-tracking research has shown regular smokers to fixate on the branding rather than the warning on plain packs (Maynard et al 2014). The general view in this study was that warnings on each cigarette stick would make avoidant behavior more difficult as smokers typically see a cigarette when taking it from a pack, lighting it, leaving it in an ashtray, and smoking it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extending health messaging to the consumption experience: a focus group study exploring smokers’ perceptions of health warnings on cigarettes

Moodie

O’Donnell

Fleming

et al. 2019

Addiction Research & Theory

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Introduction: While most countries require health warnings on cigarette packs, the Scottish and Canadian Governments are considering requiring health warnings on cigarette sticks. Methods: Twenty focus groups were conducted in Glasgow and Edinburgh (Scotland) with smokers (n ¼ 120) segmented by age (16-17, 18-24, 25-35, 36-50, >50), gender and social grade, to explore perceptions of cigarettes displaying the warning 'Smoking kills' on the cigarette paper and any demographic differences in how smokers responded to these. Results: A warning on each cigarette was thought to prolong the health message, as it would be visible when a cigarette was taken from a pack, lit, left in an ashtray, and with each draw, and make avoidant behavior more difficult. That it would be visible to others was perceived as off-putting for some. It was felt that a warning on each cigarette would create a negative image and be embarrassing. Within several female groups they were viewed as depressing, worrying and frightening, with it suggested that people would not feel good smoking cigarettes displaying a warning. Within every group there was mention of warnings on cigarettes potentially having an impact on themselves, others or both. Some, mostly younger groups, mentioned stubbing cigarettes out early, reducing consumption or quitting. The consensus was that they would be off-putting for young people, nonsmokers and those starting to smoke. Conclusions: Including a warning on each cigarette stick is a viable policy option and one which would, for the first time, extend health messaging to the consumption experience.

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Larger and More Prominent Graphic Health Warnings on Plain-Packaged Tobacco Products and Avoidant Responses in Current Smokers: a Qualitative Study

Cited by 14 publications

References 48 publications

Does the hand that controls the cigarette packet rule the smoker? Findings from ethnographic interviews with smokers in Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom and the USA

Does the hand that controls the cigarette packet rule the smoker? Findings from ethnographic interviews with smokers in Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom and the USA

Predicting Self-Management Behaviors in Familial Hypercholesterolemia Using an Integrated Theoretical Model: the Impact of Beliefs About Illnesses and Beliefs About Behaviors

Extending health messaging to the consumption experience: a focus group study exploring smokers’ perceptions of health warnings on cigarettes

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