Large third-order optical nonlinearities in transition-metal oxides

Ando, Makoto; Kadono, Kohei; Haruta, Masatake; Sakaguchi, Toru; Miya, Masaru

doi:10.1038/374625a0

Cited by 183 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Together with the electrical and optical properties of vanadium oxide derivatives, this has encouraged its study as a potential new functional material. Applications such as optical switches [12], gas sensoring [17] and as electrodes in Li rechargeable batteries [18] have been reported. The efficiency reached in the preparation of laminar and tubular nanostructures is necessary but not solely sufficient for integration of these materials in devices; specimens formed by ordered and dense arrays of uniform nanostructures are desired.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-Urchin: The Formation and Structure of High-Density Spherical Clusters of Vanadium Oxide Nanotubes

et al. 2006

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We report the observation of urchin-like nanostructures consisting of high-density spherical nanotube radial arrays of vanadium oxide nanocomposite, successfully synthesized by a simple chemical route using an ethanolic solution of vanadium tri-isopropoxide and alkyl amine hexadecylamine for 7 days at 180 o C. The results show that the growth process of the NanoUrchin occurs in stages, starting with a radial self-organized arrangement of lamina followed by the rolling of the lamina into nanotubes. The longest nanotubes are measured to be several micrometers in length with diameters of 120 nm and hollow centers typically measured to be 75 nm. The NanoUrchin have an estimated density of nanotubes of 40 sr -1 . The tube walls comprise layers of vanadium oxide with the organic surfactant intercalated between atomic layers. The interlayer distance is measured to be 2.9 ± 0.1 nm and electron diffraction identified the vanadate phase in the VO x nanocomposite as orthorhombic V 2 O 5 . These nanostructures may be used as three-dimensional composite materials and as supports for other materials.4

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-Urchin: The Formation and Structure of High-Density Spherical Clusters of Vanadium Oxide Nanotubes

et al. 2006

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“…The rapid increase of χ (3) was due mainly to the enhancement of mutual interactions between the Au clusters, whereas at higher Au concentrations, the particle size becomes large so that only the outer layer of the Au particles contributes to the optical nonlinearity. The laser pulse width will affect the values of χ (3) , as χ (3) contains two components: a fast and slow component (19,122). Comparison of the results of Liao et al (48) and Tanahashi et al (105) show that there is a difference in measured values due to the difference in the laser pulses used.…”

Section: Effects Of Nanoparticle Shapementioning

confidence: 88%

The third order nonlinear optical properties of gold nanoparticles in glasses, part II

2003

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The optical properties of gold nanoparticles have been known for a number of years and recent advances in laser power have now allowed the non-linear optical properties to be studied. In this short review paper, the various theories that have been used to describe the optical properties of gold nanoparticles are presented. Methods of preparing gold nanoparticles in glasses are explained briefly, as well as characterization techniques. The optical properties of gold nanoparticles are reviewed, as well as the effects of particle size, shape, concentration and c. Effects Of Nanoparticle SizeThe relationship between optical properties and nanoparticle radius has been studied in glasses with dispersed colloid Au nanoparticles (111,112). The peak plasmon wavelength shifts continuously to longer wavelengths with increasing average particle radius. A similar dependence was seen in silica glasses dispersed with Au colloid particles (112,113). Foss et al. (68) found significant transparency in the near-IR region and strong extinction in the visible for particles with nearsphere like shape. The wavelength of maximum extinction increased with increasing particle radius, giving rise to colour variations (red-purple for 30 nm size and blue-green for 60 nm size). This is shown in Figure 1. This was consistent with the findings of Mie (17). Hosoya et al. (73) and Muto et al. (102) found in Au:Al2O3 thin films that the spectra broadened and the peak shifted to longer wavelengths as the particle size decreased. Muto et al. (102) explained it as due to charge transfer from the metal particles to the amorphous oxide by the aluminium-metal bonds used in adhesion. The decreased electron density of the metal particles gives rise to the blue-shift. This behaviour was opposite to that of Au:SiO2, and indicates that the matrix has an effect on the blue-or red-shift of the plasmon peak with size.As the wavelength of the surface plasmon resonance changes with particle size, the χ (3) is also expected to change with size. Fukumi et al. (60), found χ (3) to be approximately proportional to the fourth power of the particle radius. They also found that χm (3) (of the metal particles on their own) had negligible dependence on the particle radius. The value of χm (3) = 2.5 x 10 -8 esu agreed with that of Hache et al. (32) and Bloemer et al. (114). Hornyak et al. (69) prepared Au nanoparticles in nanoporous alumina membranes, and absorption properties for nanoparticles of size 52 nm down to 16 nm, and with various aspect ratios. They used a modified form of MG theory, called the dynamic MG (DMG) theory (68), to model the optical properties. They found that as the nanoparticle size decreased, the wavelength of the maximum absorption intensity max approached the value predicted by DMG theory. For the smallest diameter particles, (16 nm), the values were identical with DMG theory, and they suggested that there was a quasi-static DMG limit ( max does not change from ~5 08 nm) for nanoparticles of diameter 16 nm. Alvarez et al. (115) pr...

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“…In that regard, transition-metal oxides have previously shown, both theoretically 12 and experimentally, 13,14 to possess a large third-order nonlinear optical response. A number of these materials have high linear refractive index n>2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, stability, strength, and fast response of these compounds make them candidates of high-potential for a body of optical applications. 13,14 In particular, vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) is a transition-metal oxide with centrosymmetric (orthorhombic) lattice structure, which shows a large third-order nonlinear susceptibility and a response time on sub-nanosecond scale. 13,14 The nonlinear absorption coefficient ( β) of a 150 nm thick V 2 O 5 film is found to be about 3.5 × 10 −5 cm/W, that is twice greater than Fe 2 O 3 and CuO films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13,14 In particular, vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) is a transition-metal oxide with centrosymmetric (orthorhombic) lattice structure, which shows a large third-order nonlinear susceptibility and a response time on sub-nanosecond scale. 13,14 The nonlinear absorption coefficient ( β) of a 150 nm thick V 2 O 5 film is found to be about 3.5 × 10 −5 cm/W, that is twice greater than Fe 2 O 3 and CuO films. 14 Unlike VO 2 , the higher oxidized phase of vanadium dioxide, V 2 O 5 , is transparent above 500 nm wavelength and has been found to be thermally stable for temperatures as high as 500 • C. 15 Our goal in this letter is to realize a low profile all-dielectric metasurface to protect sensitive optical devices against high-power laser radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large enhancement of third-order nonlinear effects with a resonant all-dielectric metasurface

et al. 2016

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A novel low-profile nonlinear metasurface, consisting of a single-layer of all-dielectric material, is proposed and numerically investigated by a nonlinear full-wave finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The proposed metasurface is transparent for low, and opaque for high values of incident light intensity. The metasurface design is broadly applicable to enhancement of intrinsic nonlinearities of any material with a sufficiently high refractive index contrast. We illustrate the ability of this design to enhance intrinsic nonlinear absorption of a transition metal oxide, vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), with resonant metasurface elements. The complex third-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ(3)) for V2O5, representing both nonlinear refraction and absorption is considered in FDTD simulations. Our design achieves high initial transparency (>90%) for low incident light intensity. An order of magnitude decrease in the required input light intensity threshold for nonlinear response of the metasurface is observed in comparison with an unpatterend film. The proposed all-dielectric metasurface in this work is ultrathin and easy to fabricate. We envision a number of applications of this design for thin film coatings that offer protection against high-power laser radiation.

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Large third-order optical nonlinearities in transition-metal oxides

Cited by 183 publications

References 27 publications

Nano-Urchin: The Formation and Structure of High-Density Spherical Clusters of Vanadium Oxide Nanotubes

Nano-Urchin: The Formation and Structure of High-Density Spherical Clusters of Vanadium Oxide Nanotubes

The third order nonlinear optical properties of gold nanoparticles in glasses, part II

Large enhancement of third-order nonlinear effects with a resonant all-dielectric metasurface

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