Large Temporal and Spatial Scales in the Structure of Mammalian Assemblages in South America: A Macroecological Approach

Marquet, Pablo A.; Cofré, Hernán

doi:10.2307/3546496

Cited by 52 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Second, our model disregards the possibility of resource partitioning within a niche or a patch, which is relevant in many ecosystems. Third, several studies examine the number of species (instead of the biomass) as a function of the mass (32,33). Fitting to such available data of species size distributions requires further formulation of the speciation processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resonance-induced multimodal body-size distributions in ecosystems

Lampert

Tlusty

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The size of an organism reflects its metabolic rate, growth rate, mortality, and other important characteristics; therefore, the distribution of body size is a major determinant of ecosystem structure and function. Body-size distributions often are multimodal, with several peaks of abundant sizes, and previous studies suggest that this is the outcome of niche separation: species from distinct peaks avoid competition by consuming different resources, which results in selection of different sizes in each niche. However, this cannot explain many ecosystems with several peaks competing over the same niche. Here, we suggest an alternative, generic mechanism underlying multimodal size distributions, by showing that the sizedependent tradeoff between reproduction and resource utilization entails an inherent resonance that may induce multiple peaks, all competing over the same niche. Our theory is well fitted to empirical data in various ecosystems, in which both model and measurements show a multimodal, periodically peaked distribution at larger sizes, followed by a smooth tail at smaller sizes. Moreover, we show a universal pattern of size distributions, manifested in the collapse of data from ecosystems of different scales: phytoplankton in a lake, metazoans in a stream, and arthropods in forests. The demonstrated resonance mechanism is generic, suggesting that multimodal distributions of numerous ecological characters emerge from the interplay between local competition and global migration.adaptive dynamics | evolutionary ecology | universal scaling | species packing | species assembly M ultimodal body-size distributions, in which a population exhibits several peaks of abundant sizes, characterize local ecosystems and have puzzled ecologists for many years (1-4). To resolve this puzzle, most previous studies concentrated on one important aspect of body size, namely resource partitioning or niche separation: larger individuals consume certain resources more efficiently than smaller ones, whereas smaller individuals have access to some resources that are unavailable to larger individuals. As a result, multimodal size distributions may originate from community-wide character displacement, in which natural selection pushes species to assort into packs, each of which fits to a particular niche (1,4,5).Another aspect of size, however, relates to a growth-vs.-efficiency tradeoff (6, 7). Smaller individuals generally invest less effort in their development and have a higher maximal growth rate when the resource is abundant (8-12), whereas larger individuals have more efficient metabolism and are more successful in direct competitive interferences (Fig. 1A) (6, 13, 14). As a result, smaller individuals are more likely to be the first to populate newly formed patches, and the larger individuals follow only later. In this study, we show how this tradeoff may promote multimodal body-size distributions, and we identify several characteristics of the underlying dynamics. Stochastic Subdivided Population ModelTo examine how the gr...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resonance-induced multimodal body-size distributions in ecosystems

Lampert

Tlusty

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Interestingly, the effect of body size on niche characteristics results in very different assembly rules for insular and continental mammal faunas. Local communities in nonisolated habitats on continents do not show the loss of extreme sizes and convergence toward an intermediate size as seen on islands; instead, the local communities tend to exhibit virtually the entire range of sizes found in the continent-wide pool (30,31).…”

Section: Nested Subset Compositionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Niches, body sizes, and the disassembly of mammal communities on the Sunda Shelf islands

Okie

Brown

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The rising sea level at the end of the Pleistocene that created the islands of the Sunda Shelf in Indonesia and Malaysia provides a natural experiment in community disassembly and offers insights into the effects of body size and niches on abundance, distribution, and diversity. Since isolation, terrestrial mammal communities of these islands have been reduced by extinction, with virtually no offsetting colonization. We document three empirical patterns of disassembly, all of which are significantly different from null models of random assembly: (i) a diversity-area relationship: the number of taxa is strongly and positively correlated with island area; (ii) nested subset composition: species that occur on small islands tend to be subsets of more diverse communities inhabiting larger islands; and (iii) body size distributions: species of intermediate body sizes occur on the greatest number of islands, and smaller islands have smaller ranges of body sizes, caused by the absence of species of both very large and extremely small size. These patterns reveal the role of body size and other niche characteristics, such as habitat requirements and trophic status, in the differential susceptibility of taxa to extinction.allometric scaling ͉ assembly rules ͉ extinction ͉ habitat fragmentation ͉ nested subsets

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“…Este padrão tem sido documentado para diferentes grupos animais, entre os quais aves (Blackburn & Gaston, 1994), mamíferos (Marquet & Cofré, 1999, Stevens, 2005 Considerando os resultados obtidos por Brown & Nicoletto (1991) Gaston & Blackburn (1995), os quais consideram uma tendência de simetria dos dados logaritmizados quando se avalia um segmento da fauna local.…”

Section: Distribuição De Frequência Do Tamanho Corpóreounclassified

“…Apesar dos nossos resultados, os quais se referem a dados locais, estarem de acordo com as predições levantadas por Brown & Nicoletto (1991), grande parte dos trabalhos mostram que esse não é um padrão geral e que outros resultados também podem ser encontrados (Marquet & Cofré, 1999;Knouft, 2004;Agosta & Janzen, 2005 Duarte (2012), estudando a fauna de macroinvertebrados aquáticos, verificou a ocorrência de assimetria positiva, independente da granulometria do substrato. No nosso caso, foi possível observar a que, no geral, a simetria foi mantida para fauna de EPT coletada em cada um dos riachos independente do tipo de mesohabitat (corredeira ou remanso) e da estação do ano (seca e chuvosa).…”

Section: Distribuição De Frequência Do Tamanho Corpóreounclassified

“…As características dessa distribuição podem ser dependente da escala espacial considerada, neste sentido, Brown & Nicoletto (1991) demonstraram que a assimetria da distribuição do tamanho corpóreo diminui de escalas mais amplas até escalas locais. Por outro lado, a generalidade das constatações de Brown & Nicoletto (1991) não têm sido confirmadas e resultados divergentes têm sido obtidos (Marquet & Cofré, 1999;Arita & Figueiroa, 1999). De qualquer maneira, a assimetria positiva tem sido um resultado bastante comum, principalmente em escalas mais amplas (Gaston & Blackburn, 2000;Kozlowski & Gawelczyk, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Avaliando os efeitos do tamanho do riacho, do tipo de mesohabitat e da estação do ano sobre a fauna de Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera e Trichoptera

Paciencia¹

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AgradecimentosGostaria de agradecer infinitamente minha família, em especial ao meu pai (Manoel Paciencia Neto), minha mãe (Célia de Paula Paciencia) e minha irmã (Manuela de Paula Paciencia) pelo apoio incondicional em todas as horas, saiba que sem vocês nada do que já construí seria possível.Agradeço ao meu orientador Prof. Dr. Pitágoras C. Bispo, pelos ensinamentos profissionais e pessoais, e principalmente, por sempre acreditar em minha capacidade, isto tudo foi essencial para a minha formação.Agradeço a minha namorada, Flavia do Amaral Bertho, pelo apoio nessa fase tão difícil e importante da minha vida, seu apoio e compreensão foram fundamentais para que tudo pudesse dar certo.Agradeço aos meus amigos, que são inúmeros, por isso não vou citar todos os nomes, mas saibam que nossas conversas (desabafos) e principalmente as palavras de conforto, foram essenciais para evitar meu surto durante a construção da tese. Um agradecimento em especial a todos os proprietários de sítios em Pirenópolis-GO que permitiram gentilmente que eu fizesse coletas em suas propriedades, dentre eles

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Large Temporal and Spatial Scales in the Structure of Mammalian Assemblages in South America: A Macroecological Approach

Cited by 52 publications

References 45 publications

Resonance-induced multimodal body-size distributions in ecosystems

Resonance-induced multimodal body-size distributions in ecosystems

Niches, body sizes, and the disassembly of mammal communities on the Sunda Shelf islands

Avaliando os efeitos do tamanho do riacho, do tipo de mesohabitat e da estação do ano sobre a fauna de Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera e Trichoptera

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