Large submarine groundwater discharge and benthic eutrophication in Bangdu Bay on volcanic Jeju Island, Korea

Hwang, Dong-Woon; Lee, Young-Woo; Kim, Guebuem

doi:10.4319/lo.2005.50.5.1393

Cited by 182 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Volcanic mountain coastlines worldwide have a high potential for SGD (Kim et al 2003, Hwang et al 2005. At the nearshore coasts adjacent to Mt.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoplankton primary productivity around submarine groundwater discharge in nearshore coasts

Sugimoto¹,

Kitagawa²,

Nishi³

et al. 2017

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Nutrients supplied from submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) are generally thought to enhance primary production in coastal seas. However, there is little evidence for a direct association between SGD and phytoplankton primary productivity. To elucidate the response of in situ primary productivity to SGD, we conducted comparative experiments at 3 coastal sites in Japan with different SGD types (Site A: Obama Bay; Site B: coast along the western foot of Mt. Chokai; Site C: Beppu Bay) during the summers of 2013−2015. At Site A, which is characterized by seepage-type SGD, we found a significant positive relationship between in situ primary productivity and 222 Rn concentration. This was likely driven by nutrient-limited water column conditions. On the other hand, at the volcanic coastal Sites B and C, which are dominated by spring-type SGD, no clear relationships between in situ primary productivity and 222 Rn concentration were found. Although significant relationships between nutrient concentrations and 222 Rn concentration suggest that SGD acts as a primary nutrient source in these regions, the non-trivial influence of light availability complicates those relationships. Furthermore, lower biomass-specific primary productivity around submarine springs at both sites suggests that submarine springs have negative impacts on phytoplankton growth rates around vent sites, possibly due to changes in local environmental conditions. Our study clarified that the mechanism by which SGD affects phytoplankton production differs from one ecosystem to another because of variable hydrogeographical properties, such as the type of groundwater discharge (i.e. spring or seepage). KEY WORDS:In situ primary productivity · Submarine groundwater discharge · 222 Rn OPEN PEN

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“…Volcanic mountain coastlines worldwide have a high potential for SGD (Kim et al 2003, Hwang et al 2005. At the nearshore coasts adjacent to Mt.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoplankton primary productivity around submarine groundwater discharge in nearshore coasts

Sugimoto¹,

Kitagawa²,

Nishi³

et al. 2017

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Recently, links between SGD and harmful algal blooms were found (Gobler & Sañudo-Wilhelmy 2001, Lee & Kim 2007, Lee et al 2010. SGD can also influence benthic marine plant abundance and physiology (Maier & Pregnall 1990, Kamermans et al 2002, Hwang et al 2005a) and govern the distribution of macrobenthic species (Miller & Ullman 2004, Zipperle & Reise 2005, Dale & Miller 2008. However, data on the ecological effects of groundwater seepage on communities at the sediment -water interface, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Groundwater seeps out along the border of sandy and muddy sediment, forming small pools that drain into larger tidal channels. Seepage areas such as the ones found in our study sites occur ubiquitously along the western and southern coast of Korea, and SGD is a major nutrient pathway in some of the embayments along the Korean southern coast previously investigated (Hwang et al 2005a,b, Lee et al 2009, 2010. For example, virtually every 160 Waska & Kim: Groundwater discharge impact on microphytobenthos and macrofauna beach along the coast of Hampyeong Bay displayed visually distinct groundwater runoff.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Due to the gently sloping tidal flat and the large semidiurnal tides, a vast intertidal zone is exposed to desiccation and salt stress, predation, and large temperature fluctuations (up to 25°C), for several hours per day (Deppe 2000). A series of recently conducted projects revealed that SGD is ubiquitous along the coastline of South Korea, and that this SGD has a significant impact on coastal marine biogeochemistry and water column productivity (Hwang et al 2005a,b, Lee & Kim 2007, Lee et al 2009, 2010. However, it is unknown how the groundwater seepage affects the benthic microalgal and macrofaunal community in the intertidal environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in microphytobenthos and macrofaunal abundances associated with groundwater discharge in the intertidal zone

Waska¹,

Kim²

2010

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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We investigated the impact of intertidal groundwater seepage on benthic microalgae and macrofauna in 4 study sites located in 2 large tidal flat ecosystems along the western coast of Korea by comparing the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of 'glossy' seepage sites with those of nearby areas without visually distinct groundwater discharge (dry sediment surface). At 3 of the 4 sites, sediment properties as well as pore water chemistry were similar in groundwater seepage and dry areas. At the 4th study site, the groundwater seepage areas were more coarsegrained compared to the dry areas. Here, the groundwater seepage also had lower salinity and higher nutrient concentrations than the pore water of the dry area and the seawater in a nearby tide pool. Although diatoms were the dominant algal class in seepage and dry areas alike, the seepage areas in 3 of the sites had elevated contributions of other marker pigments such as chlorophyll (chl) b compared to the dry areas. Chl a concentrations were higher in all seepage areas compared to dry areas, and all dry areas had high pheophytin a:chl a ratios, indicating a substantial amount of degraded algal material. In the seepage areas of 3 of the sites, we found large numbers of the snail Batillaria cumingi, while crab burrows of Scopimera sp. were only present in the neighboring dry areas. Correlations of sediment chl a concentrations with physicochemical properties of the ambient pore water indicated that microphytobenthos responded specifically to groundwater seepage, which may provide shelter from desiccation and salt stress during emersion of the tidal flat. Our results suggest that globally common groundwater seepage significantly impacts the ecosystem structures and microphytobenthos production of the tidal flats.KEY WORDS: Groundwater · Seepage · Microphytobenthos · Macrofauna · Intertidal · Pigments · Tidal flat Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 407: [159][160][161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168][169][170][171][172] 2010 Intertidal microphytobenthos, i.e. the assemblage of bottom-living microalgae such as diatoms, is an important contributor to the benthic food chain (MacIntyre et al. 1996, Kang et al. 2003. Through resuspension, microphytobenthos can be transferred to pelagic systems as well (De Jonge & van Beusekom 1992). Furthermore, microphytobenthos can regulate diffusive nutrient fluxes between sediment and the overlying water column (Sundbäck et al. 1991). The relationship between microphytobenthos and ambient nutrient concentrations is often unclear. Generally, benthic microalgae, particularly from muddy sediments, are not nutrient limited (Underwood & Kromkamp 1999), and nutrient enrichment via the water column does not seem to have any effect on microphytobenthos biomass (Hillebrand & Kahlert 2002). On the other hand, microphytobenthos cultures can be maintained well with natural porewater (Admiraal et al. 1982), and microphytobenthos mats in the sandy sediment...

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“…해저지하수를 통한 영양염류 유입량은 해저지하수의 유 출속도와 공극수나 지하수중 영양염류 농도에 의해 크게 달라 진다. 지금까지 해저지하수의 유출속도에 대해서는 전 세계적 으로 수동 혹은 자동 seepage mater를 이용하거나 (Cable et al, 1997;Kim et al, 2003;Taniguchi et al, 2006;Burnett et al, 2007), 지하수중에 높은 농도로 존재하는 Ra 동위원소, 222 Rn, CH 4 등과 같은 지화학적 추적자 (Moore, 1996;Charette et al, 2001;Kelly and Moran, 2002;Hwang et al, 2005b), 물수지 (water or salt balance) 및 수리·지질학적 모델(hydrogeologic assumption, Darcy's Law) 등과 같은 모델링 기법 (Oberdorfer et al, 1990;Oberdorfer, 2003) . 또한, 지하수 함량은 총 강우 량의 약 46%로 다른 대륙 주변부보다 상당히 높다 (Park et al, 1994).…”

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Temporal and Spatial Variation of Nutrient Concentrations in Shallow Pore Water in Intertidal Sandflats of Jeju Island

Hwang¹,

Kim²,

Park³

et al. 2012

Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

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To examine temporal and spatial variation in salinity and nutrients in the shallow pore water of intertidal sandflats, we measured salinity and nutrient concentrations (dissolved inorganic nitrogen [DIN], phosphorus [DIP], and silicate [DSi]) in pore water of the intertidal zone along the coastline of Jeju Island at two and/or three month intervals from May 2009 to December 2010. Geochemical parameters (grain size, ignition loss [IL], chemical oxygen demand [COD], and acid volatile sulfur [AVS]) in sediment were also investigated. The surface sediments in intertidal sandflats of Jeju Island were mainly composed of sand, slightly gravelly sand and gravelly sand, with a range of mean grain size from 0.5 to 2.5 Ø. Concentrations of IL and COD in sediment were higher along the eastern coast, as compared to the western coast, due to differences in biogenic sediment composition. Salinity and nutrient concentrations in pore water were markedly different across time and space during rainy seasons, whereas concentrations were temporally and spatially more stable during dry seasons. These results suggest that salinity and nutrient concentrations in pore water depend on the advective flow of fresh groundwater. We also observed an imbalance of the DIN/DIP ratio in pore water due to the influence of contaminated sources of DIN. In particular, nutrient concentrations during rainy and dry seasons were characterized by high DIN/DIP ratios (mean-127) and low DIN/DIP ratios (mean-10), respectively, relative to the Redfield ratio (16) in offshore seawater. Such an imbalance of DIN/DIP ratios in pore water can affect the coastal ecosystem and appears to cause outbreaks of benthic seaweed along the coastline of Jeju Island.

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Large submarine groundwater discharge and benthic eutrophication in Bangdu Bay on volcanic Jeju Island, Korea

Cited by 182 publications

References 32 publications

Phytoplankton primary productivity around submarine groundwater discharge in nearshore coasts

Phytoplankton primary productivity around submarine groundwater discharge in nearshore coasts

Differences in microphytobenthos and macrofaunal abundances associated with groundwater discharge in the intertidal zone

Temporal and Spatial Variation of Nutrient Concentrations in Shallow Pore Water in Intertidal Sandflats of Jeju Island

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