Large-spored Drechslera gigantea is a Bipolaris species causing disease on the invasive grass Microstegium vimineum

Lane, Brett; Stricker, Kerry Bohl; Adhikari, Ashish; Ascunce, Marina S.; Clay, Keith; Flory, S. Luke; Smith, Matthew E.; Goss, Erica M.; Harmon, Philip F.

doi:10.1080/00275514.2020.1781495

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…1C). Leaves with eyespot lesions were collected and incubated at 28°C for 24 h. Large conidia on conidiophores characteristic of B. gigantea [34] were observed in lesions and were transferred by sterilized dissecting needle to half-strength V8 media agar plates. Hyphal tip transfers of the single spore colony to additional agar plates were made to obtain a pure fungal culture, BGLMS-1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging fungal pathogen on an invasive grass differentially affects native species

Kendig

Svahnstrom²,

Adhikari

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Infectious diseases and invasive species are strong drivers of biological systems that may interact to shift plant community composition. Disease and invasion can each directly suppress native populations, but variation in responses among native species to disease, invasion, and their combined effects are not well characterized. Here, we quantified the responses of three native North American grass species to experimental inoculation with the fungal pathogen Bipolaris gigantea, which has recently emerged in populations of the invasive grass Microstegium vimineum, causing leaf spot disease. In a greenhouse experiment, we examined the direct effects of disease on the native species and the indirect effects of disease on the native species through altered competition with M. vimineum, which was planted at a range of densities. Pathogen inoculation directly affected each of the three native species in unique ways, by increasing, decreasing, or not changing their biomass relative to mock inoculation. Higher M. vimineum densities, however, reduced the biomass of all three native species, regardless of inoculation treatment, suggesting that disease had no indirect effects through altered competition. In addition, competition with M. vimineum suppressed native plant biomass to a greater extent than disease. The differential impacts of B. gigantea and the consistent impacts of M. vimineum on native species biomass suggest that disease may modify native plant community composition while plant invasion may suppress multiple native plant species in systems where these drivers co-occur.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging fungal pathogen on an invasive grass differentially affects native species

Kendig

Svahnstrom²,

Adhikari

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Experimentally suppressing Bipolaris infection using fungicide in the field increased Microstegium biomass by 33-39% [29,34], suggesting substantial effects of severe disease symptom development. However, despite using a pathogenic Bipolaris isolate in our experiment [35], inoculation caused low levels of disease incidence (relative to approximately 40% of leaves with lesions documented in the field, S2 Table), which had no effect on Microstegium biomass relative to the mock inoculation control. While such results could be explained by Microstegium tolerance or compensatory growth [22,23], it is more parsimonious to assume that B. gigantea exposure was below levels experienced in the field.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The pure culture of B. gigantea (BGLMS-1 in the collection of Dr. Philip Harmon, University of Florida) used in this research was originally isolated from Microstegium as part of a previous study and had been stored as previously described [35]. Bipolaris gigantea was revived from 4˚C storage by placing colonized, 3 to 5 mm diameter, filter paper pieces on half-strength V8 media agar plates.…”

Section: Greenhouse Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used these visual assessments of Bipolaris-like lesions to approximate B. gigantea infection of experimental plants. Bipolaris gigantea association with foliar lesions can be assessed by using microscopy to identify conidiophores on leaves after incubation [35]. The absence of B. gigantea conidiophores in lesions, however, does not confirm that it is not the causal agent.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Panicum clandestinum L.; deer-tongue grass, hereafter Dichanthelium), Elymus virginicus L. (Virginia wild rye, hereafter Elymus), and Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Steud (purple lovegrass, hereafter Eragrostis) are perennial grass species that are native to the U.S. and co-occur with Microstegium [29,34]. Bipolaris gigantea can infect, produce lesions on, and produce spores on Elymus virginicus [35]. Bipolaris gigantea infections have been observed on Dichanthelium clandestinum in the field, but it may not be a competent host for spore production [37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Northern Wild Rice (Zizania palustris L.) breeding, genetics, and conservation

et al. 2023

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Cultivated Northern Wild Rice (NWR; Zizania palustris L.) is a high‐value, small commodity crop grown in irrigated paddies, primarily in Minnesota and California. Domestication of the species began ∼60 years ago as demand for the nutritional grain outpaced hand‐harvesting efforts from lakes and rivers in the Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada. Cultivated NWR cultivars are open‐pollinated and highly heterogeneous and have primarily been bred for seed retention, yield, and seed size. As a lowland crop, NWR's life cycle, particularly its unique seed physiology, poses challenges to breeding efforts, limiting selection cycles per year, and requiring annual grow‐outs of all germplasm. Recent efforts have increased the genomic resources available to NWR researchers, including a reference genome assembly and methodology optimization for genotyping‐by‐sequencing technologies. The species’ close phylogenetic relationship with white rice (Oryza sativa) also provides a unique opportunity to utilize comparative genomic approaches to identify genes conferring agronomic traits of interest in NWR, particularly domestication traits such as seed retention. Z. palustris is an enigmatic species with regional ecological, cultural, and agricultural significance in the Great Lakes. As NWR is grown in both the centers of origin and diversity, it is important for NWR plant breeders to be good stewards of our domesticated plants and include a diversity of stakeholders in our decision‐making processes. In this work, we have aimed to unpack some of the disputes regarding the breeding of cultivated NWR and the science behind our work. Additionally, we have discussed conservation efforts for natural stands of NWR which will help preserve the many ecosystem, nutritional, spiritual, and economic services provided by this important species.

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Large-spored Drechslera gigantea is a Bipolaris species causing disease on the invasive grass Microstegium vimineum

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Emerging fungal pathogen on an invasive grass differentially affects native species

Emerging fungal pathogen on an invasive grass differentially affects native species

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Northern Wild Rice (Zizania palustris L.) breeding, genetics, and conservation

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