Large spontaneous emission rate enhancement in grating coupled hyperbolic metamaterials

Sreekanth, Kandammathe Valiyaveedu; Koduru, Hari Krishna; Luca, Antonio De; Strangi, Giuseppe

doi:10.1038/srep06340

Cited by 91 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Such BPPs support extremely high momentum and have been shown experimentally to be extremely sensitive to any change in the dielectric constant within the range of its evanescently decaying field in the superstrate. We have demonstrated the excitation of these high-k modes by a grating coupling method [17][18][19]. However, as we show in the following sections, grating coupling did not affect the high sensitivity of the HMM biosensor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Hyperbolic metamaterials-based plasmonic biosensor for fluid biopsy with single molecule sensitivity

Sreekanth

ElKabbash

Alapan

et al. 2017

EPJ Applied Metamaterials

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-Plasmonic sensors are one of the most powerful optical biosensors, which can be used for the detection of small numbers of molecules at ultra-low concentrations. However, the detection of dilute analytes of low molecular weight (<500 Da) is still a challenging task using currently available plasmonic biosensors. Here, we demonstrate the detection of both lower and heavier molecular weight biomolecules close to single molecule level using a novel plasmonic biosensor platform based on hyperbolic metamaterials. We show experimentally the extraordinary spectral and angular sensitivities of the biosensor platform, from visible to near infrared (NIR) wavelengths, by exciting the bulk plasmon polaritons associated with hyperbolic metamaterials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Hyperbolic metamaterials-based plasmonic biosensor for fluid biopsy with single molecule sensitivity

Sreekanth

ElKabbash

Alapan

et al. 2017

EPJ Applied Metamaterials

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“…3 graphs a cross-section of the electric field generated by a dipole on top (panel a) and inside (panel b) a 7P HMM. The trapped radiation can be out-coupled to free space by nano-patterning as shown by our previous work [6] and others [11,12]. In section 4 we will show that by patterning the HMM into a PHC an out-coupling contrast of 100 fold over a spectral range of 40nm can be achieved.…”

Section: Hmm Design For Broadband Enhancement Of Spontaneous Emissionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Enhanced spontaneous emission in photonic hypercrystals

Galfsky

Narimanov²,

Menon

2015

Frontiers in Optics 2015

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We demonstrate a two-dimensional photonic hypercrystal that shows enhanced spontaneous emission from its metamaterial component and light extraction through its photonic crystal property. Spontaneous decay rate is enhanced by a factor of 19.5 and light extraction from the HMM is enhanced by a factor of ~100.OCIS codes: (160.3918) Metamaterials; (350.4238) Nanophotonics and photonic crystals. IntroductionPhotonic crystals and metamaterials are two of the major paradigms in the field of photonics that have resulted in a plethora of discoveries both of fundamental and technological importance. These engineered optical materials rely on different physical mechanisms for their operation. Photonic crystals build upon Bragg scattering due to the periodicity in the dielectric environment where as metamaterials rely on average response of their sub-wavelength sized substructures (meta-atoms). The former implies that the feature sizes are on the same length scale as the wavelength of light being manipulated. In contrast, metamaterials require sub-wavelength feature sizes achieve an effective medium response which is the property that allows control of the flow of light in such materials. The combination of the two paradigms promises a new level of control in light propagation and enhancement. Among the different types of metamaterials, hyperbolic metamaterials (HMM), so called due to the hyperbolic shape of their iso-frequency surface, have received much attention in the recent times. This is in part due to their ease of fabrication, broadband response, leading to super resolution imaging and enhanced Purcell effect [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The unique optical properties of HMMs arise from the fact that they can support very large wavevector modes. Hence introducing any kind of periodicity in a HMM allows one to realize the photonic crystal features such as band edge modes and efficient scattering. The resulting photonic hypercrystals (PHC) are expected to show properties of both photonic crystals and HMMs [7]. While self-assembly of ferrofluids was used to demonstrate the formation of a PHC in the near infrared frequency range [8], so far there has been no demonstration of a hypercrystal for visible light. Here we report the first demonstration of an active PHC that shows both enhanced spontaneous emission stemming from its HMM component and enhanced light scattering to the far field due to its photonic crystal naturethus resulting in a hypercrystal based light emitter. We show a decay rate enhancement factor of 19.5 as well as enhanced light extraction to far field by a factor of 66 over a spectral range of ~ 40 nm from colloidal quantum dots embedded inside the structure.

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“…Divergence of the photonic density of states does not necessarily mean that large fluorescent enhancement would be observed since many of these are modes which do not couple to the vacuum [22][23][24]. The problem of emission uncoupling for hyperbolic devices is critical and requires multiple steps to explore by practical fabrication different types of diffraction gratings aimed to uncouple enhanced emission [25,26].…”

Section: Hyperbolic Materials With High Photonic Density Of Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface plasmon amplification by stimulated emission of radiation in hyperbolic metamaterials

2016

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We study theoretically and numerically spasing conditions and optical dynamics of a composite hyperbolic metamaterial interacting with gain molecules. By combining Maxwell-Bloch equations with Green's function approach, we calculate lasing frequency and threshold population inversion for various gain density in the gain layer. We demonstrate high level of enhancement for photonic density of states in spacious spectral range provided by hyperbolic metastructures. We find that direct dipole-dipole interactions between molecules in the gain layer has a negligible effect on spasing conditions. We identify a region of parameters in which spasing can occur considering these effects.

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Large spontaneous emission rate enhancement in grating coupled hyperbolic metamaterials

Cited by 91 publications

References 43 publications

Hyperbolic metamaterials-based plasmonic biosensor for fluid biopsy with single molecule sensitivity

Hyperbolic metamaterials-based plasmonic biosensor for fluid biopsy with single molecule sensitivity

Enhanced spontaneous emission in photonic hypercrystals

Surface plasmon amplification by stimulated emission of radiation in hyperbolic metamaterials

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