Large signal response and harmonic distortion in piezoelectrics for SONAR transducers

Sherlock, Nevin P.; Meyer, Richard J.

doi:10.1007/s10832-012-9708-5

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Electromechanically functional materials are of primary interest in various applications such as electromechanical sensors, 1 sonar, 2 artificial muscles, 3 and ultrasonic transducers. 4 In piezoelectrics, the electromechanical response can be classified into direct and inverse piezoelectric effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced electromechanical properties in low-temperature gadolinium-doped ceria composites with low-dimensional carbon allotropes

et al. 2022

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced electromechanical properties in low-temperature gadolinium-doped ceria composites with low-dimensional carbon allotropes

et al. 2022

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“…Since then, research into the nonlinear properties of ferroelectric capacitor structures has been studied theoretically by Boser1718, (developing earlier statistical physics analyses by Kronmüller19) and extended with experimental investigations by Damjanovic202122 and Trolier-McKinstry et al 2324. Other significant experimental252627 and theoretical28 studies on harmonic analysis have also been reported. However, these measurements have generally been performed on macroscopic systems, e.g.…”

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confidence: 96%

Higher order harmonic detection for exploring nonlinear interactions with nanoscale resolution

Vasudevan

Okatan

Rajapaksa

et al. 2013

Sci Rep

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Nonlinear dynamics underpin a vast array of physical phenomena ranging from interfacial motion to jamming transitions. In many cases, insight into the nonlinear behavior can be gleaned through exploration of higher order harmonics. Here, a method using band excitation scanning probe microscopy (SPM) to investigate higher order harmonics of the electromechanical response, with nanometer scale spatial resolution is presented. The technique is demonstrated by probing the first three harmonics of strain for a Pb(Zr1-xTix)O3 (PZT) ferroelectric capacitor. It is shown that the second order harmonic response is correlated with the first harmonic response, whereas the third harmonic is not. Additionally, measurements of the second harmonic reveal significant deviations from Rayleigh-type models in the form of a much more complicated field dependence than is observed in the spatially averaged data. These results illustrate the versatility of nth order harmonic SPM detection methods in exploring nonlinear phenomena in nanoscale materials.

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Advantages and challenges of relaxor-PbTiO3 ferroelectric crystals for electroacoustic transducers – A review

Zhang

Jiang

et al. 2015

Progress in Materials Science

682

339

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Relaxor-PbTiO3 (PT) based ferroelectric crystals with the perovskite structure have been investigated over the last few decades due to their ultrahigh piezoelectric coefficients (d33 > 1500 pC/N) and electromechanical coupling factors (k33 > 90%), far outperforming state-of-the-art ferroelectric polycrystalline Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramics, and are at the forefront of advanced electroacoustic applications. In this review, the performance merits of relaxor-PT crystals in various electroacoustic devices are presented from a piezoelectric material viewpoint. Opportunities come from not only the ultrahigh properties, specifically coupling and piezoelectric coefficients, but through novel vibration modes and crystallographic/domain engineering. Figure of merits (FOMs) of crystals with various compositions and phases were established for various applications, including medical ultrasonic transducers, underwater transducers, acoustic sensors and tweezers. For each device application, recent developments in relaxor-PT ferroelectric crystals were surveyed and compared with state-of-the-art polycrystalline piezoelectrics, with an emphasis on their strong anisotropic features and crystallographic uniqueness, including engineered domain - property relationships. This review starts with an introduction on electroacoustic transducers and the history of piezoelectric materials. The development of the high performance relaxor-PT single crystals, with a focus on their uniqueness in transducer applications, is then discussed. In the third part, various FOMs of piezoelectric materials for a wide range of ultrasound applications, including diagnostic ultrasound, therapeutic ultrasound, underwater acoustic and passive sensors, tactile sensors and acoustic tweezers, are evaluated to provide a thorough understanding of the materials’ behavior under operational conditions. Structure-property-performance relationships are then established. Finally, the impacts and challenges of relaxor-PT crystals are summarized to guide on-going and future research in the development of relaxor-PT crystals for the next generation electroacoustic transducers.

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Large signal response and harmonic distortion in piezoelectrics for SONAR transducers

Cited by 5 publications

References 28 publications

Enhanced electromechanical properties in low-temperature gadolinium-doped ceria composites with low-dimensional carbon allotropes

Enhanced electromechanical properties in low-temperature gadolinium-doped ceria composites with low-dimensional carbon allotropes

Higher order harmonic detection for exploring nonlinear interactions with nanoscale resolution

Advantages and challenges of relaxor-PbTiO3 ferroelectric crystals for electroacoustic transducers – A review

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