Large-signal analysis of varactor harmonic generators without idlers

Abstract

SynopsisA large-signal analysis of varactor harmonic generators without idlers is given. The voltage across the varactor is expressed as a Fourier series in the harmonic charges, and, by expressing the input circuit as an impedance, and the output circuit as a voltage generator in series with an impedance, the relevant coefficients of the series are found. It is found expedient to express the circuit in this way in order to determine the coefficients without any approximation. The efficiency is then calculated as a function of input power; it is found that, for maximum efficiency, input and output resistances should be equal and an expression is given to determine their value. Finally, design curves are given for second-, third-and fourth-harmonic generators, from which optimum operating conditions can be found.List of principal symbols capacitance of varactor capacitance of varactor at reverse breakdown voltage capacitance of varactor at zero voltage generator e.m.f. cutoff frequency at V R current through varactor at input frequency current through varactor at output frequency amplitude of 1\ amplitude of I N tuning inductance in input circuit tuning inductance in output circuit index, dependent on junction doping order of multiplication = normalised amplitude of Q x = normalised amplitude of Q N = charge on varactor -charge on varactor at reverse breakdown voltage = component of Q at fundamental frequency = component of Q at output frequency = fundamental-frequency Q factor of biased varactor = amplitude of (21 = amplitude of Q± = load resistance = generator series resistance = normalised R g = normalised R L -varactor series resistance = voltage across varactor = bias voltage diffusion voltage reverse breakdown voltage of diode V-V R

Analysis and synthesis of varactor frequency doublers. Part 1. Basic relationships

“…The advantages of these diodes are generally recognized. They have widely been discussed in the literature (for example, see [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]). In our opinion, at present this diode has the best combination of properties, including adaptability for industrial production, convenience of incorporation into monolithic integrated circuits, and high parameters.…”

“…In spite of the fact that many works have been devoted to the varactor frequency doublers (for example, see [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]), it should be noted that this problem is far from being resolved. The main disadvantage of many publications is that they present either particular theoretical results difficult for practical application or study experimentally particular configurations of the frequency multiplier.…”

Analysis of varactor harmonic generators with arbitrary drive levels

“…<f>, the phase angle between input and output currents, must initially be set to some value; it is helpful in the first instance to set it to { -\) N~X TTI2, the optimum in the fully driven case. 2 Later the change in efficiency when $ is varied may be studied.…”

Analysis of varactor multipliers with idlers

“…Conclusions A method of analysis for varactor harmonic generators with idlers has been described and results presented for both abrupt and graded junction triplers and quadruplers operating with a second harmonic idler. It is interesting to compare the results obtained 3 in the case of a graded junction diode with and without a second harmonic idler. This comparison is shown in Fig.…”