Large Shear Deformation of E-glass/ Polypropylene Woven Fabric Composites at Elevated Temperatures

Abstract

Stamping operation of textile composite sheets in industry involves a process of heating and cooling of the material. In the present article, the in-plane large shear deformation of woven fabric composite sheets at elevated temperatures is studied. Using the modified ‘picture frame’ test, the effects of temperature on the shear behavior of the material and the onset of wrinkling were investigated. In addition to the reduction in yarn width, the change of physical and mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP) fibers with temperature also plays a significant role. The initial shear stiffness of the composite sheets and the onset of wrinkling are reasonably explained by inter-yarn friction measurement. To simply consider the temperature effect, the introduction of a temperature-dependent factor for the simulation of stamping operation is suggested.

Theoretical Modeling of Large Shear Deformation and Wrinkling of Plain Woven Composite

“…In previously published papers [19,20], we reported modified picture frame tests carried out on E-glass/Polypropylene (PP) continuous fiber commingled plain woven fabric at elevated temperatures. As a continuation of the study, herein we build up the theoretical model based on the previously used specimens and the corresponding test results.…”

“…Mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms under various conditions have been studied and generally understood [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Zhu et al [19,20] modified the conventional test fixture so that the undesired interference between the test rig and specimen was avoided; hence a pure shear loading was maintained throughout the whole test, obtaining a more accurate and reliable characterization of the wrinkling. Regarding the limit of shear deformation, many researchers conducted experimental measurements and proposed analytical models [21,22].…”

“…In-plane picture frame test is an effective method to characterize the material's shear behavior. By proposing theoretical models based on our experimental study [19,20], the present article estimates the non-linear stiffness of the textile fabric during large shear deformation and the onset of wrinkling under additional yarn tension/compression at various temperatures. The relevant properties of materials are determined from experiments, and general mathematical expressions are formulated to predict the shear energy and the critical shear angle for textile composite fabrics of similar types.…”

Shear properties of three‐dimensional woven composite reinforcements

“…The authors also attributed the lack of comparability between results from different labs to the pre‐existing yarn misalignment in the samples. Zhu et al carefully investigated the in‐plane shear characterization of 2D fabrics by experimental testing and found that the yarn reduction was a key to wrinkling. Lomov et al presented picture frame shear tests of twill fabrics in three different pretension states and showed that the shear deformation of the fabric significantly deviated from the shear deformation of the frame.…”

Forming of thermoplastic plain woven carbon composites

“…The knowledge of the mechanical behavior of woven fabrics is necessary in the simulation of textile composite forming. 23 Various tests including picture frame [24][25][26][27] and bias-extension [28][29][30][31] were used to obtain the basic material properties of woven fabric under large deformation, building up a solid foundation for understanding the forming behavior of woven fabric. Boisse and coworkers did various forming tests such as double dome stamping 32 of plain weave commingled glass/polypropylene (PP) fabrics and forming a tetrahedral shape 33 with carbon fiberreinforced composite.…”