Large-scale tree planting initiatives as an opportunity to derive carbon and biodiversity co-benefits: a case study from Aotearoa New Zealand

Suryaningrum, Febyana; Jarvis, Rebecca M.; Buckley, Hannah; Hall, David; Case, Bradley S.

doi:10.1007/s11056-021-09883-w

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Dominati et al 2021). Although farm management planning requirements in New Zealand have been traditionally focused on improved nutrient management and decreased soil loss, there is growing recognition for the need to include biodiversity as a component of whole-farm management planning (Maseyk et al 2019) and that revegetation is one useful mechanism for enhancing biodiversity while increasing amenity and carbon sequestration benefits for farms (Suryaningrum et al 2021).…”

Section: Farm-scale Assessment Of Revegetation Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a framework for targeting national-scale, native revegetation in Aotearoa New Zealand’s agroecosystems

Case¹,

Forbes²,

Stanley³

et al. 2022

NZJE

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The incorporation of native, woody vegetation into New Zealand's agricultural ecosystems offers a "nature-based solution" approach for mitigating poor environmental outcomes of land use practices, biodiversity loss, and the accelerating effects of climatic change. However, to achieve this at scale requires a systematic framework for scoping, assessing, and targeting native revegetation opportunities in a way that addresses national-scale priorities, supports landscape-scale ecological processes, and recognises that land use decisions are made at farm-scales by landowners. In this forum discussion, we outline the requirements for a spatial decision support system for native revegetation; we provide illustrations of national-, landscape-, and farm-scale components of this framework and outline a range of organisational, societal, and scientific challenges that must be addressed to enable effective and targeted revegetation across the country. Our primary motivation is to provide a focus for discussions among scientists, policy makers, hapū, iwi, landowners, communities, and other interested parties who are invested in restoring biodiverse and resilient agroecosystems.

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Section: Farm-scale Assessment Of Revegetation Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a framework for targeting national-scale, native revegetation in Aotearoa New Zealand’s agroecosystems

Case¹,

Forbes²,

Stanley³

et al. 2022

NZJE

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“…These programs may target native tree species, but also fast‐growing non‐native trees for carbon storage and wood production (Brundu & Richardson, 2016; Castro‐Diez et al, 2019). Although the potential of forests to store carbon is often calculated based on the growth rate of dominant species, it also depends on other factors that are often neglected, such as tree longevity, durability of wood products, and resistance and resilience of trees against disturbances or extreme climatic events (Ennos et al, 2019; Nuñez et al, 2021; Suryaningrum et al, 2022). These key variables may widely vary across tree species, and particularly between native and non‐native trees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying carbon storage and sequestration by native and non‐native forests under contrasting climate types

Lázaro-Lobo

Ruiz‐Benito

Cruz‐Alonso

et al. 2023

Global Change Biology

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Non‐native trees may have significant impacts on the carbon sink capacity of forested lands. However, large‐scale patterns of the relative capacity of native and non‐native forests to uptake and store carbon remain poorly described in the literature, and this information is urgently needed to support management decisions. In this study, we analyzed 17,065 plots from the Spanish Forest Inventory (covering c. 30 years) to quantify carbon storage and sequestration of natural forests and plantations of native and non‐native trees under contrasting climate types, while controlling for the effects of environmental factors (forest structure, climate, soil, topography, and management). We found that forest origin (non‐native vs. native) highly influenced carbon storage and sequestration, but such effect was dependent on climate. Carbon storage was greater in non‐native than in native forests in both wet and dry climates. Non‐native forests also had greater carbon sequestration than native ones in the wet climate, due to higher carbon gains by tree growth. However, in the dry climate, native forests had greater carbon gains by tree ingrowth and lower carbon loss by tree mortality than non‐native ones. Furthermore, forest type (classified by the dominant species) and natural forests versus tree plantations were important determinants of carbon storage and sequestration. Native and non‐native Pinus spp. forests had low carbon storage, whereas non‐native Eucalyptus spp. forests and native Quercus spp., Fagus sylvatica, and Eurosiberian mixed forests (especially not planted ones) had high carbon storage. Carbon sequestration was greatest in Eucalyptus globulus, Quercus ilex, and Pinus pinaster forests. Overall, our findings suggest that the relative capacity of native and non‐native forests to uptake and store carbon depends on climate, and that the superiority of non‐native forests over native ones in terms of carbon sequestration declines as the abiotic filters become stronger (i.e., lower water availability and higher climate seasonality).

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“…Since human arrival, there has been an over 70% reduction in forest cover (Ewers et al, 2006), which has been replaced by low‐statured native vegetation including grasslands and extensive areas of exotic vegetation (McGlone, 1989, 2001). There are major efforts to restore native forests in degraded areas (Suryaningrum et al, 2021). New Zealand also has one of the highest levels of exotic plant naturalisation in the world (Hulme, 2020), and a large exotic conifer plantation estate (1.7 million hectares), with the industry worth around $5 billion NZD (~$3.5 billion USD) per year (Brown, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Range reshuffling: Climate change, invasive species, and the case of Nothofagus forests in Aotearoa New Zealand

Mathias,

van Galen,

Jarvie

et al. 2023

Diversity and Distributions

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AimThe impact of climate change on forest biodiversity and ecosystem services will be partly determined by the relative fortunes of invasive and native forest trees under future conditions. Aotearoa New Zealand has high conservation value native forests and one of the world's worst invasive tree problems. We assess the relative effects of habitat redistribution on native Nothofagus and invasive conifer (Pinaceae) species in New Zealand as a case study on the compounding impacts of climate change and tree invasions.LocationAotearoa New Zealand.MethodsWe use species distribution models (SDMs) to predict the current and future distribution of habitat for five native Nothofagus species and 13 invasive conifer species under two 2070 climate scenarios. We calculate habitat loss/gain for all species and examine overlap between the invasive and native species now and in future.ResultsMost species will lose habitat overall. The native species saw large changes in the distribution of habitat with extensive losses in North Island and gains mostly in South Island. Concerningly, we found that most new habitat for Nothofagus was also suitable for at least one invasive species. However, there were refugia for the native species in the wetter parts of the climate space.Main ConclusionIf the predicted changes in habitat distribution translate to shifts in forest distribution, it would cause widespread ecological disruption. We discuss how acclimation, adaptation and biotic interactions may prevent/delay some changes. But we also highlight that the poor establishment capacity of Nothofagus, and the contrasting ability of the conifers to invade, will present persistent conservation challenges in areas of both new habitat and forest retreat. Pinaceae are problematic invaders globally, and our results highlight that control of invasions and active native forest restoration will likely be key to managing forest biodiversity under future climates.

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Large-scale tree planting initiatives as an opportunity to derive carbon and biodiversity co-benefits: a case study from Aotearoa New Zealand

Cited by 17 publications

References 64 publications

Towards a framework for targeting national-scale, native revegetation in Aotearoa New Zealand’s agroecosystems

Towards a framework for targeting national-scale, native revegetation in Aotearoa New Zealand’s agroecosystems

Quantifying carbon storage and sequestration by native and non‐native forests under contrasting climate types

Range reshuffling: Climate change, invasive species, and the case of Nothofagus forests in Aotearoa New Zealand

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