Large Scale Test on a Steel Column Exposed to Localized Fire

Byström, Alexandra; Sjöström, Johan; Wickström, Ulf; Lange, David; Veljković, Milan

doi:10.1260/2040-2317.5.2.147

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Plate thermometers measure approximately the adiabatic surface temperature, an effective temperature which can used as a third kind or Robin boundary condition when calculating heat transfer by radiation and convection to structures exposed to fire, see, eg, previous studies . These temperatures are therefore deemed to be the most relevant for representing the fire compartment temperatures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature of post‐flashover compartment fires—Calculations and validation

Byström

Wickström

2017

Fire and Materials

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This paper describes and validates by comparisons with tests a one‐zone model for computing temperature of fully developed compartment fires. Like other similar models, the model is based on an analysis of the energy and mass balance assuming combustion being limited by the availability of oxygen, ie, a ventilation‐controlled compartment fire. However, the mathematical solution techniques in this model have been altered. To this end, a maximum fire temperature has been defined depending on combustion efficiency and opening heights only. This temperature together with well‐defined fire compartment parameters was then used as a fictitious thermal boundary condition of the surrounding structure. The temperature of that structure could then be calculated with various numerical and analytical methods as a matter of choice, and the fire temperature could be identified as a weighted average between the maximum fire temperature and the calculated surface temperature of the surrounding structure as a function of time. It is demonstrated that the model can be used to predict fire temperatures in compartments with boundaries of semi‐infinitely thick structures as well as with boundaries of insulated and noninsulated steel sheets where the entire heat capacity of the surrounding structure is assumed to be concentrated to the steel core. With these assumptions, fire temperatures could be calculated with spreadsheet calculation methods. For more advanced problems, a general finite element solid temperature calculation code was used to calculate the temperature in the boundary structure. With this code, it is possible to analyze surrounding structures of various kinds, for example, structures comprising several materials with properties varying with temperature as well as voids. The validation experiments were accurately defined and surveyed. In all the tests, a propane diffusion burner was used as the only fire source. Temperatures were measured with thermocouples and plate thermometers at several positions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature of post‐flashover compartment fires—Calculations and validation

Byström

Wickström

2017

Fire and Materials

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“…Coming back now to expressions (5)(6)(7)(8) it is clearly visible that: expressions (5) and (6) have no real evaluation; expression (7) gives negative (unphysical) value; the only expression that may give real and physical result is expression (8). (15) 416 Fire Technology 2017…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since Professor Ulf Wickstro¨m introduced the concept of adiabatic surface temperature (AST) to the fire science community in 2007 [1], it appears to be a very efficient way for expressing heat exposure of the solid surfaces both in real experiments, using plate thermometers [2][3][4] which measure the temperature that is close to the AST [5], and in numerical analyses [6][7][8][9]. Adiabatic surface temperature can be also used as a single thermal boundary conditions when calculating temperature of structures exposed to fire [10,11], which is one of the biggest advantages of this concept.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Solution for Adiabatic Surface Temperature (AST)

Malendowski

2016

Fire Technol

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Abstract. In this contribution an analytical solution of the equation of an ideal surface of a perfect insulator is introduced. The new solution bases on the solution of the heat balance equation, which is fourth degree polynomial. The resulting expression for adiabatic surface temperature (AST) is discussed and verified. This solution can be easily incorporated, with negligible computational cost, inside the computational fluid dynamics solvers for fire simulations. Finally, since AST is close to the temperature measured by plate thermometers, AST is easy to measure in any arbitrary point in a computational domain. This makes it possible to validate numerical results with the temperatures measured by plate thermometers in experiments. Furthermore, an expression, which is given in the end of the article, describes the physical quantity with a closed-form solution. This may be potentially used for analyses performed for better understanding of physical process, e.g. during the experiments involving localized fires.

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“…However, real fire exposures are likely to result in non-uniform thermal exposures, particularly in larger spaces; assuming a uniform thermal exposure is therefore not always suitable [2]. Various research studies have investigated how to quantify non-uniform temperature distributions or heat fluxes experienced under localized fires (Wakamatsu [3,4], Ferraz [5], Bystrom [6], Hanus [7], NIST [8] and Tondini [9]). However, there is a paucity of experiments on the response of intumescent-protected steel structures subjected to localized fires.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental study of the behavior of intumescent coatings under localized fires

Wang

et al. 2020

Fire Safety Journal

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This paper presents an experimental study of the behavior of intumescent coatings exposed to localized fires. The main objective is to assess the extent to which thermal properties of intumescent coatings obtained under uniform heating can be applied for localized fire exposures. The experiments used two types of specimens representing protected steel beams and columns.Localized pool fires were placed underneath horizontal specimens or beside vertical specimens.Solvent-based and waterborne intumescent coatings were applied to the specimens. Measurements were made of temperatures of the steel specimens and the adjacent gas phase, as was coating expanded thicknesses at several locations. Depending on their location relative to fires, the intumescent coatings were variably unreacted, melted, partially expanded, or fully expanded (corresponding to steel temperatures of about less than 100℃, 100-300℃, 300-400℃, and above 400℃, respectively). The appearances and expansion ratios for various regions of coatings under localized fires were consistent with those under uniform heating from previously obtained furnace test results. Steel temperatures of the specimens were calculated using thermal conductivities of coatings derived from furnace tests, and were found to agree reasonably with the experimental results, thus indicating that it may be feasible to apply thermal conductivities derived from furnace tests to predict steel temperatures under localized heating scenarios.

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Large Scale Test on a Steel Column Exposed to Localized Fire

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Temperature of post‐flashover compartment fires—Calculations and validation

Temperature of post‐flashover compartment fires—Calculations and validation

Analytical Solution for Adiabatic Surface Temperature (AST)

An experimental study of the behavior of intumescent coatings under localized fires

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