Large-Scale Study of an Oral Contraceptive

Hines, Don Carlos; Goldzieher, Joseph W.

doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)36840-6

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…They found that the mean net change for the entire group was a loss of 0.5 pounds. In all categories of change, more patients had a net loss than a net gain (1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…We previously reported that the oral contraceptive pill (OCP) is still the most commonly used form of reversible contraception in this country. In Hines and Goldzieher's article ''Large-scale study of an oral contraceptive,'' they followed 8,895 women for 148,988 cycles on OCPs (1). Importantly, they demonstrated that some of the most commonly documented side-effects, such as nausea and headache, improved with subsequent cycles.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Facts often fail to overcome preconceived notions

Carpinello

DeCherney

2018

Fertility and Sterility

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“…They found that the mean net change for the entire group was a loss of 0.5 pounds. In all categories of change, more patients had a net loss than a net gain (1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Facts often fail to overcome preconceived notions

Carpinello

DeCherney

2018

Fertility and Sterility

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“…In an extensive collaborative clinical trial of a sequential oral contraceptive (Hines and Goldzieher, 1968) we accumulated similar information (figure 1). The very large number of subjects distribute themselves in a symmetrical curve with a small percentage of people gaining or losing a significant amount of weight.…”

Section: Directormentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Alterations Associated with Oral Contraceptives

Goldzieher

1972

Aust NZ J Obst Gynaeco

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“…This dramatically demonstrates the effects of placebo's and suggestion, not only on subjective reactions but also on more objective phenomena such as break-through bleeding and amenorrhoea (see table II). The difficulty of assessing alleged side-effects of hormonal contraceptives is illustrated by a study in which the side-effects of an oral contraceptive have been compared with those of intrauterine devices (Goldzieher, 1968). Most of the subjective complaints showed little difference in incidence (see table III).…”

Section: Low-dosage Oral Progestagensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The endometrium does not show the regressive changes observed in women taking combination preparations. Consequently, menstrual flow is normal and sometimes increased, while the incidence of amenorrhoea and intermenstrual bleeding is low (Hines and Goldzieher, 1968). Stimulation by oestrogen of the mucussecreting glands of the cervix is responsible for the leucorrhoea which is present in about 20 % of women using sequential regimens (McBride, 1965).…”

Section: Sequential Oral Contraceptivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal Steroid Contraceptives1 II

Liggins

1971

Drugs

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Measured in terms of the problems of world population control, hormonal contraceptives have contributed little ; a mere 17 million women using them at the present time. However, in certain Western countries, notably Australi a, New Zealand and the United States of America, the impact of oral contraception has been considerable. In developing countries experience with hormonal steroids has been disappointing, mainly because motivation is poor and because supervision by medical or para-medical personnel is lacking. Thus, viewed in its relation to the world scene, hormonal contraception can be regarded as adding to the comfort and happiness of the people of nations who are already relatively comfortable and happy .In our society , the acceptance of oral contraception that has led to it becoming the most commonly used form of contraception depends on several factors. Foremost is effectiveness. The combined oestrogen-progestagen preparations are virtually 100 % effective when used correctly and sequential regimens are only marginally less so. There has been ready acceptance by the medical profession who have found the prescription of pharmacological agents to be more in keeping with their traditional approach to medicine than the dispensing of mechanical and other contraceptives for which they have often been poorly trained .Many minor side-effects attributed to hormonal stero ids are subjective in nature and susceptible to both user and observer bias. There is a paucity of adequately controlled studies from which conclusions can be drawn about the incidence of such symptoms, particularly those of a psychological kind. Nevertheless, certain side-effects such as nausea and oedema can be related to oestrogen, and others, such as reduced menstrual flow and migrainous headaches, can be related to progestagen. 1 Second of four parts. 2 See subject index in this issue for further indexing terms. Hormonal Steroid Contraceptives II: Clinical Considerations 462The evidence suggesting an association of oestrogen administration with thromboembolism has led to the recommendation that oral contraceptives containing 50 /Lg of either ethinyloestradiol or mestranol should be used in preference to those containing higher doses. The 50 /Lg dose of oestrogen has been combined by most manufacturers with a dose of a progestagen which is the lowest compatible with effectiveness and satisfactory cycle control. Consequently, of the many preparations available, there are 6 different formulations from which an initial choice will be made in most instances. There is no evidence that anyone of these is more effective or has fewer side-effects than the others.Increasing use is being made of preparations containing progestagen alone. Chlormadinone acetate 0.5 mg has been available as a tablet for continuous administration. It is less effective than combined or sequential preparations and erratic bleeding is a common side-effect. However, other minor side-effects are virtually absent and there are no absolute contra-indications. The injectable depo...

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Large-Scale Study of an Oral Contraceptive

Cited by 22 publications

References 8 publications

Facts often fail to overcome preconceived notions

Facts often fail to overcome preconceived notions

Metabolic Alterations Associated with Oral Contraceptives

Hormonal Steroid Contraceptives1 II

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