Large-Scale Spray Releases: Initial Aerosol Test Results

Schonewill, Philip P.; Gauglitz, Phillip A.; Bontha, Jagannadha R.; Daniel, Richard C.; Kurath, Dean E.; Adkins, Harold E.; Billing, Justin M.; Burns, Carolyn A.; Davis, James; Enderlin, Carl W.; Fischer, Christopher; Jenks, Jeromy Wj; Lukins, Craig D.; MacFarlan, Paul J.; Shutthanandan, Janani I.; Smith, Dennese M.

doi:10.2172/1060676

Cited by 7 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Initial testing to obtain aerosol release fraction and net generation rates has recently been completed in small-and large-scale test stands, as discussed in this report and in the large-scale aerosol report (Schonewill et al 2012). These tests were conducted with simulants representing the expected WTP process stream properties over a range of orifice sizes, geometries, and line pressures.…”

Section: S6 Discrepancies and Follow-on Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The comparison is ambiguous because of evidence that the PPC vacuum draw tube affected the Malvern measurements and because the PPC suction rates had not been tested to determine what rate produced the best measurements. For context, the large-scale tests (Sections 8.1.4 and 8.1.5 of Schonewill et al 2012), in which the PPC suction flow rate was adjusted for best results based on testing, gave a closer comparison between PPC and Malvern results. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The source of this aberrant behavior is not known. A second batch, made using gibbsite, exhibited better rheology but did not approach the rheological boundaries.The suggested follow-on tests are discussed below and are the same as those discussed in Schonewill et al (2012). Initial testing to obtain aerosol release fraction and net generation rates has recently been completed in small-and large-scale test stands, as discussed in this report and in the large-scale aerosol report (Schonewill et al 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Small-Scale Spray Releases: Initial Aerosol Test Results

Mahoney¹,

Gauglitz²,

Kimura³

et al. 2012

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One of the events postulated in the hazard analysis at the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) and other U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear facilities is a breach in process piping that produces aerosols with droplet sizes in the respirable range. The current approach for predicting the size and concentration of aerosols produced in a spray leak involves extrapolating from correlations reported in the literature. These correlations are based on results obtained from small engineered spray nozzles using pure liquids with Newtonian fluid behavior. The narrow ranges of physical properties on which the correlations are based do not cover the wide range of slurries and viscous materials that will be processed in the WTP and across processing facilities in the DOE complex.Two key technical areas were identified where testing results were needed to improve the technical basis by reducing the uncertainty due to extrapolating existing literature results. The first technical need was to quantify the role of slurry particles in small breaches where the slurry particles may plug and result in substantially reduced, or even negligible, respirable fraction formed by high-pressure sprays. The second technical need was to determine the aerosol droplet size distribution and volume from prototypic breaches and fluids, specifically including sprays from larger breaches with slurries where data from the literature are scarce.To address these technical areas, small-and large-scale test stands were constructed and operated with simulants to determine aerosol release fractions and net generation rates from a range of breach sizes and geometries. The properties of the simulants represented the range of properties expected in the WTP process streams and included water, sodium salt solutions, slurries containing boehmite or gibbsite, and a hazardous chemical simulant. The effect of antifoam agents was assessed with most of the simulants. Orifices included round holes and rectangular slots. For the combination of both test stands, the round holes ranged in size from 0.2 to 4.46 mm. The slots ranged from (width × length) 0.3 × 5 to 2.74 × 76.2 mm. Most slots were oriented longitudinally along the pipe, but some were oriented circumferentially. In addition, a limited number of multi-hole test pieces were tested in an attempt to assess the impact of a more complex breach. Much of the testing was conducted at pressures of 200 and 380 psi, but some tests were conducted at 100 psi. Testing the largest postulated breaches was deemed impractical because of the much larger flow rates and equipment that would be required.This report presents the experimental results and analyses for the aerosol measurements obtained in the small-scale test stand. It includes a description of the simulants used and their properties, equipment and operations, data analysis methodologies, and test results. The results of tests investigating the role of slurry particles in plugging small breaches are reported in Mahoney et al. (2012). The results of the...

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Section: S6 Discrepancies and Follow-on Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Small-Scale Spray Releases: Initial Aerosol Test Results

Mahoney¹,

Gauglitz²,

Kimura³

et al. 2012

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“…Only the success criteria for the small-scale plugging tests are given in the table. The success criteria for the aerosol tests are not shown in this table and are discussed in Mahoney et al 2012 andSchonewill et al 2012. …”

Section: S2 Results and Performance Against Success Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of the small-scale aerosol generation tests are included in Mahoney et al (2012). The area of spray generation from large breaches is covered by large-scale testing in Schonewill et al (2012). …”

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Small-Scale Spray Releases: Orifice Plugging Test Results

Mahoney¹,

Gauglitz²,

Blanchard³

et al. 2012

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One of the events postulated in the hazard analysis at the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) and other U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear facilities, is a breach in process piping that produces aerosols with droplet sizes in the respirable range. The current approach for predicting the size and concentration of aerosols produced in a spray leak involves extrapolating from correlations published in the literature. These correlations are based on results obtained from small engineered spray nozzles using pure liquids with Newtonian fluid behavior. The narrow ranges of physical properties on which the correlations are based do not cover the wide range of slurries and viscous materials present in the WTP and across processing facilities in the DOE complex.Two key technical areas were identified where testing results were needed to improve the technical basis by reducing the uncertainty introduced by extrapolating existing literature results. The first technical need was to quantify the role of slurry particles in small breaches in which the slurry particles may plug and result in substantially reduced, or even negligible, respirable fraction formed by high-pressure sprays. The second technical need was to determine the aerosol droplet size distribution and volume from prototypic breaches and fluids, specifically including sprays from larger breaches with slurries where data from the literature are largely absent.To address these technical areas, small-and large-scale test stands were constructed and operated with simulants to determine the aerosol release fractions and aerosol generation rates from a range of breach sizes and geometries. The properties of the simulants represented the range of properties expected in the WTP process streams and included water, sodium salt solutions, slurries containing boehmite or gibbsite, and a hazardous chemical simulant. The effect of anti-foam agents (AFA) was assessed with most of the simulants. Orifices included round holes and rectangular slots. Much of the testing was conducted at pressures of 200 and 380 psi, but some tests were conducted at 100 psi. Testing the largest postulated breaches was deemed impractical because of the much larger flow rates and equipment that would be required.The purpose of the study described in this report is to provide experimental data for the first key technical area, potential plugging of small breaches, by performing small-scale tests with a range of orifice sizes and orientations representative of the WTP conditions. The simulants used were chosen to represent the range of process stream properties in the WTP. Testing conducted after the plugging tests in the small-and large-scale test stands addresses the second key technical area, aerosol generation. The results of the small-scale aerosol generation tests are included in Mahoney et al. (2012). The area of spray generation from large breaches is covered by large-scale testing in Schonewill et al. (2012). S.1 Objective S.2 Results and Performance Against Success Criteria...

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