Large‐Scale Reductions in Terrestrial Carbon Uptake Following Central Pacific El Niño

Dannenberg, Matthew P.; Smith, William K.; Song, Conghe; Huntzinger, D. N.; Moore, David J. P.

doi:10.1029/2020gl092367

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…In addition to the asymmetry between El Niño and La Niña events, two types of ENSO can be distinguished: the “East Pacific,” described above, and the “central Pacific” type, where the warm SST pool is shifted to the central Pacific region (Kao & Yu, 2009). Central Pacific El Niño events have been associated with even stronger responses by the land carbon cycle (Dannenberg et al., 2021).…”

Section: The Terrestrial Carbon Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

How Well Do We Understand the Land‐Ocean‐Atmosphere Carbon Cycle?

Crisp

Dolman

Tanhua

et al. 2022

Reviews of Geophysics

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Fossil fuel combustion, land use change and other human activities have increased the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) abundance by about 50% since the beginning of the industrial age. The atmospheric CO2 growth rates would have been much larger if natural sinks in the land biosphere and ocean had not removed over half of this anthropogenic CO2. As these CO2 emissions grew, uptake by the ocean increased in response to increases in atmospheric CO2 partial pressure (pCO2). On land, gross primary production also increased, but the dynamics of other key aspects of the land carbon cycle varied regionally. Over the past three decades, CO2 uptake by intact tropical humid forests declined, but these changes are offset by increased uptake across mid‐ and high‐latitudes. While there have been substantial improvements in our ability to study the carbon cycle, measurement and modeling gaps still limit our understanding of the processes driving its evolution. Continued ship‐based observations combined with expanded deployments of autonomous platforms are needed to quantify ocean‐atmosphere fluxes and interior ocean carbon storage on policy‐relevant spatial and temporal scales. There is also an urgent need for more comprehensive measurements of stocks, fluxes and atmospheric CO2 in humid tropical forests and across the Arctic and boreal regions, which are experiencing rapid change. Here, we review our understanding of the atmosphere, ocean, and land carbon cycles and their interactions, identify emerging measurement and modeling capabilities and gaps and the need for a sustainable, operational framework to ensure a scientific basis for carbon management.

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Section: The Terrestrial Carbon Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

How Well Do We Understand the Land‐Ocean‐Atmosphere Carbon Cycle?

Crisp

Dolman

Tanhua

et al. 2022

Reviews of Geophysics

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“…In addition to the asymmetry between El Niño and La Niña events, two types of ENSO can be distinguished: the "East Pacific," described above, and the "central Pacific" type, where the warm SST pool is shifted to the central Pacific region (Kao & Yu, 2009). Central Pacific El Niño events have been associated with even stronger responses by the land carbon cycle (Dannenberg et al, 2021).…”

Section: Enso As a Dominant Driver To Interannual Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

How Well Do We Understand the Land-Ocean-Atmosphere Carbon Cycle?

Crisp

Dolman

Tanhua

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Since the beginning of the industrial age, human activities have increased the atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) to levels never before seen in human history. These large increases are driving climate change because CO 2 is an efficient greenhouse gas with atmospheric residence times spanning years to millennia (see Box 6.1 of Ciais et al. [2013]). Bottom-up statistical inventories indicate that fossil fuel combustion, industry, agriculture, forestry, and other human activities are now adding more than 11.5 Pg of carbon (Pg C) to the atmosphere each year (Friedlingstein et al., 2019(Friedlingstein et al., , 2020(Friedlingstein et al., , 2021. Direct measurements of CO 2 in the atmosphere and in air bubbles in ice cores (Etheridge et al., 1996) indicate that human activities have increased the globally averaged atmospheric CO 2 dry air mole fraction from less than 277 parts

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“…Drought impacts the carbon balance by causing the rates of ecosystem production and respiration to fluctuate or by disrupting the coupling between them, which makes the sensitivity of GPP, R ECO and NEP to drought a major source of uncertainty in quantifying ecosystem responses to future climate change (Keenan et al., 2010; Meir et al., 2008; Schwalm et al., 2010; Shi et al., 2014). Severe drought events could result in unprecedented reductions in primary productivity and ecosystem respiration, shifting terrestrial ecosystems more toward a CO 2 source rather than a CO 2 sink (Baldocchi, 2008; Ciais et al., 2005; Dannenberg et al., 2021; Doughty et al., 2015; Hoover & Rogers, 2016; Jiao, Wang, Smith, et al., 2021; Jump et al., 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Quantification of the Responses of Ecosystem Production and Respiration to Drought Time Scale, Intensity and Timing in Humid Environments: A FLUXNET Synthesis

Jiao

Wang

et al. 2022

JGR Biogeosciences

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Drought is one of the most important natural hazards impacting ecosystem carbon cycles. However, it is challenging to quantify the impacts of drought on ecosystem carbon balance and several factors hinder our explicit understanding of the complex drought impacts. First, drought impacts can have different time dimensions such as simultaneous, cumulative, and lagged impacts on ecosystem carbon balance. Second, drought is not only a multiscale (e.g., temporal and spatial) but also a multidimensional (e.g., intensity, time‐scale, and timing) phenomenon, and ecosystem production and respiration may respond to each drought dimension differently. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive drought impact assessment on ecosystem productivity and respiration in humid regions by including different drought dimensions using global FLUXNET observations. Short‐term drought (e.g., 1‐month drought) generally did not induce a decrease in plant productivity even under high severity drought. However, ecosystem production and respiration significantly decreased as drought intensity increased for droughts longer than 1 month in duration. Drought timing was important, and ecosystem productivity was most vulnerable when drought occurred during or shortly after the peak vegetation growth. We found that lagged drought impacts more significantly affected ecosystem carbon uptake than simultaneous drought, and that ecosystem respiration was less sensitive to drought time scale than ecosystem production. Overall, our results indicated that temporally‐standardized meteorological drought indices can be used to reflect plant productivity decline, but drought timing, antecedent, and cumulative drought conditions need to be considered together.

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Large‐Scale Reductions in Terrestrial Carbon Uptake Following Central Pacific El Niño

Cited by 13 publications

References 55 publications

How Well Do We Understand the Land‐Ocean‐Atmosphere Carbon Cycle?

How Well Do We Understand the Land‐Ocean‐Atmosphere Carbon Cycle?

How Well Do We Understand the Land-Ocean-Atmosphere Carbon Cycle?

Comprehensive Quantification of the Responses of Ecosystem Production and Respiration to Drought Time Scale, Intensity and Timing in Humid Environments: A FLUXNET Synthesis

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