Large-scale proteomic analysis of T. spiralis muscle-stage ESPs identifies a novel upstream motif for <i>in silico</i> prediction of secreted products

Nash, Bradley; Gregory, William F.; White, Rhiannon R.; Protasio, Anna V.; Gygi, Steven P.; Selkirk, Murray E.; Weekes, Michael P.; Artavanis‐Tsakonas, Katerina

doi:10.1101/2022.08.23.504907

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 68 publications

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“…Host-parasite interaction: Secretome analysis of T. spiralis encysted larvae in muscles showed several E/S proteins that are considered as immunomodulators in the host. Nash et al [72] showed that PouStich motif (one of the main pro-regulatory motifs) was associated with many proteins derived from T. spiralis stichosome oesophagus and seemed to master the function of the worm's secretome and facilitate the prediction of proteins secreted throughout T. spiralis lifecycle [72] .…”

Section: Trichinella Spiralismentioning

confidence: 99%

Omics: Applications related to diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of parasitic diseases. Part II. Helminths

Diab

Younis²

2022

Parasitologists United Journal

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Schistosoma spp.Host-parasite interaction: One mystery concerning the intra-mammalian life of Schistosoma adults is its adaptation to the anaerobic glucose metabolism and lactate production. This was explained lately by the presence of Schistosoma aquaporins that are membrane-bound proteins for water transport. Aquaporins capability to transport lactate across the cell membrane was also elucidated thus solving the mystery in Schistosoma adaptation and survival [2] . Identification of novel diagnostic biomarkers:Several micro RNA (miRNA) types were isolated from sera of patients with schistosomiasis, e.g. miR-124-3p, Bantam miRNA, miR-2C-3p, miR-3488 and miR2a-5p. Since miRNAs are secreted from Schistosoma extracellular vesicles, they are considered diagnostic biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring [3,4] . In 2022, advances in bioinformatics held a revolution in the diagnosis of schistosomiasis. Genomic datasets of S. haematobium and S. japonicum allowed the investigators to compare between both genomes utilizing gene ontology. Notably, the latter is a bioinformatics approach unifying genetic representation across a species followed by further in silico identification of identical proteins. Accordingly, distinct S. japonicum genes were demonstrated and enlisted as potential diagnostic markers for infection by Asian schistosomiasis [5] . Additionally, a study carried out in Nigeria demonstrated the role of bioinformatics in the design of S. haematobium diagnostic kit depending on in silico determination of high immunogenic Schistosoma proteins [6] . Identification of drug targets and vaccine candidates:Based on advances in schistosome genomics, a family of promising schistosome vaccine antigens were suggested. The best vaccine candidates identified against schistosomiasis are protein molecules expressed on the tegument surface or secreted by schistosomula such as Sm29, and Sm-p80 that attracted much attention. Notably, Sm29 is a glycosyl-phosphatidyl inositol (GPI)anchored protein on Schistosoma tegument and the recombinant Sm29 vaccine exhibited Th1 immunity induction, and ~50% pathology reduction [7] . Besides, Sm-p80 is a subunit of the tegument cysteine protease, calpain that plays a crucial role in immune evasion. The recombinant Sm-p80 proved to be a promising vaccine candidate that achieved 80% improvement in liver pathology and a prominent Th1 response [8] . In addition to its role as a druggable molecule, investigating acetylcholinesterase (AChE) as a vaccine candidate against schistosomiasis was elucidated by omics and bioinformatics. Accordingly, two isoforms of AChE were identified in S. mansoni. The first was incorporated in the muscle layer to interact with heparin, i.e., a drug target. The other was GPIanchored to the surface membrane, i.e., a potential vaccine candidate [9] .

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Section: Trichinella Spiralismentioning

confidence: 99%

Omics: Applications related to diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of parasitic diseases. Part II. Helminths

Diab

Younis²

2022

Parasitologists United Journal

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Early diagnosis of Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella nativa: Expression of the serine protease gene at the invasive intestinal and muscular larva stages

Akibekov,

Gajimuradova,

Syzdykova

et al. 2024

Vet World

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Background and Aim: Diagnosis of trichinellosis at the intestinal stage during larval development is the primary challenge in the early detection and treatment of trichinellosis. The use of serine protease as a diagnostic marker for serological tests has been the subject of various studies, but data on Trichinella nativa serine protease in the intestinal phase are still insufficient for a proper diagnosis. This study aimed to establish the duration of the intestinal phase for early diagnosis and to determine the level of expression of the serine protease gene in T. nativa and Trichinella spiralis larvae. Materials and Methods: We used European isolates from T. spiralis pigs and T. nativa larvae isolated from spontaneously infected wild carnivorous animals (wolf, Karaganda region) in Central Kazakhstan. Isolation of larvae from the meat of infected animals was carried out using the compressor method. For two species of Trichinella, 36 mice (in each group 18 mice) were infected with 250 larvae and euthanized by intramuscular injection of xylazine followed by an intravenous overdose of anestofol at 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 30 dpi (each day 3 infected mice) and one control group (3 mice). Sequencing and bioinformatics methods were used to determine the DNA and cDNA of the serine protease gene, and molecular methods (DNA extraction, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and sequence) were used to measure the accumulation of serine protease transcripts in isolated larvae. Results: The results showed differences in the duration of intestinal phase between T. spiralis and T. nativa. The intestinal larvae of T. nativa were observed from 7 to 30 dpi, and the intensity of invasion increased up to 30 dpi (p < 0.001), while in the case of T. spiralis, the increase in larval growth in the intestinal phase decreased to 21 dpi, and only an increase of 1.6 ± 0.88 (p < 0.01) was detected at 30 dpi. T. nativa muscle larvae were detected at 21 dpi, compared with T. spiralis at 14 dpi. This characteristic was also reflected in the levels of serine protease transcripts in the samples. Accumulation was observed in both cases higher in the muscular stage of development, whereas the duration of the intestinal stage of T. nativa made it possible to detect serine protease at 30 dpi. Conclusion: The intestinal stage of T. nativa lasts for 30 days, indicating that the use of T. nativa serine protease is useful for the identification of intestinal infection. Furthermore, this protein can be used to identify T. spiralis and T. nativa in laboratory samples. Serine protease can be used as a marker for serological diagnosis. Within the framework of the research topic, it is important to conduct further studies on the species specificity of the obtained recombinant protein. It is necessary to focus on identifying highly specific Trichinella proteins for early disease detection. Keywords: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, gene expression, invasion, transmembrane serine protease, Trichinella nativa, Trichinella spiralis, trichinellosis.

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Large-scale proteomic analysis of T. spiralis muscle-stage ESPs identifies a novel upstream motif for in silico prediction of secreted products

Cited by 2 publications

References 68 publications

Omics: Applications related to diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of parasitic diseases. Part II. Helminths

Omics: Applications related to diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of parasitic diseases. Part II. Helminths

Early diagnosis of Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella nativa: Expression of the serine protease gene at the invasive intestinal and muscular larva stages

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