Large Scale Production of VGCF

Lake, Max L.

doi:10.1007/978-94-010-0777-1_12

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The third critical component of this CNF manufacturing process is its adaptability to a variety of hydrocarbon sources. The production method has been successfully adapted for high volume CNF production by the use of hydrocarbon containing effluent streams from various processes, in particular by gasification of coal containing sulfur and iron (Kennel et al, 2001 andLake et al, 2001). As a result of these pilot plant scale up demonstrations, there is the potential in a commercial scale plant for CNF material to be produced at a cost of less than $10/lb, which represents a 50 fold decrease from current MWCNT prices.…”

Section: Invention and Commercial Development Of Floating Catalyst Cn...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Commercialization of Vapor Grown Carbon Nanofibers: A Review

Nadarajah

Lawrence

Hughes

2008

KEM

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The lack of a low cost, high volume method to produce carbon nanotubes has greatly limited their commercialization. Carbon nanofibers have a similar structure and properties as nanotubes and are a commercially viable alternative to them. In recent years many of the difficulties of commercial nanofiber production have been overcome through innovations in their manufacturing process. It is now possible to produce carbon nanofibers of different grades, such as thinner and thicker walled ones, and low heat treated and high heat treated ones. Most significantly, commercial quantities can now be produced of carbon nanofibers that have been surface functionalized with carboxylic acid groups, making them suitable for further functionalization and new classes of applications, such as biomedical sensors and drug delivery. Despite their cost advantages and availability more widespread use of carbon nanofibers has been hampered by uncertainties in their molecular structure and a lack of physical property measurements. However, recent theoretical and experimental studies have addressed these deficiencies showing that these fibers have a cone-helix structure under the usual manufacturing conditions. Additionally, small amounts of a segmented carbon nanotube structure, commonly called a bamboo structure, are also present. When the conical nanofibers were heat treated they were found to transform to a stacked cone structure. Advances in surface functionalization have allowed a variety of groups to be incorporated on them, significantly enhancing their properties and potential applications. Finally, the recent development of a new method to measure the elastic properties and morphology of single nanofibers has clearly demonstrated the high strength of these fibers. These nanofibers now represent a well understood and well characterized graphitic carbon nanomaterial that can be manufactured at low cost in large quantities, and have the potential to bring widespread use of nanotechnology to a variety of fields.

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Section: Invention and Commercial Development Of Floating Catalyst Cn...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Commercialization of Vapor Grown Carbon Nanofibers: A Review

Nadarajah

Lawrence

Hughes

2008

KEM

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“…In this context, the catalytic chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method is considered to be the optimum for producing large amounts of carbon nanotubes, particularly with the use of a floating-catalyst method (Endo 1988;Tibbetts et al . 1994;Lake 2001). This technique is more controllable and cost efficient when compared with arc-discharge and laser ablation methods (Ebbesen & Ajayan 1992;Thess et al .…”

Section: Large-scale Production Of Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of carbon nanotubes in the twenty–first century

Endo

Hayashi

Kim

et al. 2004

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Seri

229

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Carbon nanotubes, which consist of rolled graphene sheets built from sp(2) hybridized carbon atoms, are now attracting scientists from various disciplines due to their fascinating physico-chemical properties. In this account, we will review the recent progress on the synthetic techniques for the large-scale production of carbon nanotubes, especially focusing on the floating-catalyst method used in the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) process. We will also describe effective purification methods avoiding structural damage, and discuss the electrochemical applications of these systems including the fabrication of: (i) lithium-ion secondary batteries; (ii) lead-acid batteries; (iii) electric double-layer capacitors; (iv) fuel cells; and (v) multifunctional fillers in polymer composites. We foresee that carbon nanotubes will find numerous applications and take an important place in the development of emerging technologies in the near future.

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“…Carbon nanofibres (CNFs) are attractive reinforcements for use in multi-functional nanocomposites [1]. Owing to their unique structure, CNFs offer extraordinary mechanical, transport and flame retardancy properties to the reinforced part [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Dispersion of Carbon Nanofibre-Based Suspensions in Simple Shear: An Experimental Study

Leer

Hattum

Carneiro

et al. 2008

MSF

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The effect of different dispersion states on the rheological and AC conductivity properties of carbon nanofibre/epoxy suspensions was investigated. Both rheological and electrical properties revealed to be good indicators of the fillers’ dispersion state, as confirmed by optical microscopy. It was shown that imposing a low shear deformation to poorly dispersed suspensions leads to agglomerate rearrangement resulting in a worse dispersion quality and, consequently, lower electrical conductivity. On the other hand, the imposition of a high shear deformation improves the original dispersion, resulting in better electrical conductivity. Rheological observations confirm the trends observed.

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Large Scale Production of VGCF

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Development and Commercialization of Vapor Grown Carbon Nanofibers: A Review

Development and Commercialization of Vapor Grown Carbon Nanofibers: A Review

Applications of carbon nanotubes in the twenty–first century

On the Dispersion of Carbon Nanofibre-Based Suspensions in Simple Shear: An Experimental Study

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