Large-scale production of sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus intermedius) seed in a hatchery in China

Lawrence, John M.; Zhao, Chong; Chang, Yaqing

doi:10.1007/s10499-018-0319-2

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The annual production of sea urchins was around 10,000 tons in China 2017 (Zhang, 2018). Small S. intermedius (1–2 cm of test diameter) are reseeded to the sea bottom in both China (Lawrence, Zhao & Chang, 2019) and Japan (Agatsuma, 2013), where different light intensities occur from shallow water (0–20 lx) to intertidal zones (~2,200 lx). Unfortunately, little is known about the appropriate light intensities that affect the productivity of S. intermedius .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light intensity regulates phototaxis, foraging and righting behaviors of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

Sun¹,

Chi²,

Yang³

et al. 2019

PeerJ

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Small sea urchins Strongylocentrotus intermedius (1–2 cm of test diameter) are exposed to different environments of light intensities after being reseeded to the sea bottom. With little information available about the behavioral responses of S. intermedius to different light intensities in the environment, we carried out an investigation on how S. intermedius is affected by three light intensity environments in terms of phototaxis, foraging and righting behaviors. They were no light (zero lx), low light intensity (24–209 lx) and high light intensity (252–2,280 lx). Light intensity had obvious different effects on phototaxis. In low light intensity, sea urchins moved more and spent significantly more time at the higher intensity (69–209 lx) (P = 0.046). S. intermedius in high light intensity, in contrast, spent significantly more time at lower intensity (252–690 lx) (P = 0.005). Unexpectedly, no significant difference of movement (average velocity and total distance covered) was found among the three light intensities (P > 0.05). Foraging behavior of S. intermedius was significantly different among the light intensities. In the no light environment, only three of ten S. intermedius found food within 7 min. In low light intensity, nine of 10 sea urchins showed successful foraging behavior to the food placed at 209 lx, which was significantly higher than the ratio of the number (two of 10) when food was placed at 24 lx (P = 0.005). In the high light intensity, in contrast, significantly less sea urchins (three of 10) found food placed at the higher light intensity (2,280 lx) compared with the lower light intensity (252 lx) (10/10, P = 0.003). Furthermore, S. intermedius showed significantly longer righting response time in the high light intensity compared with both no light (P = 0.001) and low light intensity (P = 0.031). No significant difference was found in righting behavior between no light and low light intensity (P = 0.892). The present study indicates that light intensity significantly affects phototaxis, foraging and righting behaviors of S. intermedius and that ~200 lx might be the appropriate light intensity for reseeding small S. intermedius.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light intensity regulates phototaxis, foraging and righting behaviors of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

Sun¹,

Chi²,

Yang³

et al. 2019

PeerJ

Self Cite

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“…The increased incidence of bacteria causes black-mouth and spotting diseases greatly decreased the production of S . intermedius aquaculture 1 , 4 , 8 . We found that S .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strongylocentrotus intermedius necessarily requires at least one summer to develop from fertilized eggs to adults of commercial size (> 5 cm of test diameter) in long line culture in China 4 , 7 . It is not essential for small sea urchins to develop gametes, but more appropriate for somatic growth in aquaculture 34 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental sea urchins were produced in November 2018, fed Ulva pertusa ad libitum for ~ 2 months until the test diameter reached 0.3–0.4 cm diameter and subsequently fed S . japonica for culture 1 , 4 . Three hundred healthy S .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius is a seafood delicacy with high commercial value in the world 1 , 2 . Interest in S. intermedius aquaculture has grown rapidly in the last decade 3 , 4 . The annual production of sea urchins, for example, was over 8,844 tons in China in 2018 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of the brown algae Sargassum horneri and Saccharina japonica on survival, growth and resistance of small sea urchins Strongylocentrotus intermedius

Yang

Ding

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Mass mortality of the long line culture of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius in summer, which is greatly associated with their disease, energy storage and resistant abilities, is the most serious problem for the development of the aquaculture. Here, a feeding experiment was conducted for ~ 9 weeks to investigate the survival, growth and gonadal development of small S . intermedius (~ 3 cm) fed either brown algae Sargassum horneri or Saccharina japonica . Subsequently, we assessed their resistant abilities via observing the behaviors of righting, tube feet extension and Aristotle's lantern reflex at both moderately elevated and acutely changed water temperatures. Sea urchins fed S . horneri showed significantly fewer diseased individuals and slower gonadal development than those fed S . japonica . Consistently, significantly greater Aristotle's lantern reflex occurred in sea urchins fed S . horneri at moderately elevated temperatures. These findings suggest that S . horneri has direct application potential as food for the long line culture of S . intermedius in summer because of the advantage in health, energy storage (avoid the energy loss caused by gonadal development at small body sizes) and resistance abilities. In comparison, sea urchins fed S . japonica outperformed those fed S . horneri for all experimental behaviors under the acutely changed water temperatures. These findings clearly suggest that S . intermedius fed S . japonica is more suitable for the areas with cold water mass in summer, because it can effectively avoid or reduce the negative impacts of acute changes of water temperature on sea urchins. The present study provides valuable information into the management of the long line culture of S . intermedius in summer.

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Effects of temperature on fertilization, hatching, larval growth, ingestion, metabolism, and metamorphosis of the purple sea urchins, Heliocidaris crassispina

Yu,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Aquacult Int

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Large-scale production of sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus intermedius) seed in a hatchery in China

Cited by 30 publications

References 2 publications

Light intensity regulates phototaxis, foraging and righting behaviors of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

Light intensity regulates phototaxis, foraging and righting behaviors of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

Effects of the brown algae Sargassum horneri and Saccharina japonica on survival, growth and resistance of small sea urchins Strongylocentrotus intermedius

Effects of temperature on fertilization, hatching, larval growth, ingestion, metabolism, and metamorphosis of the purple sea urchins, Heliocidaris crassispina

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