Large‐scale latitudinal and vertical distributions of NMHCs and selected halocarbons in the troposphere over the Pacific Ocean during the March‐April 1999 Pacific Exploratory Mission (PEM‐Tropics B)

Blake, N. J.; Blake, D. R.; Simpson, Isobel J.; Lopez, Jimena P.; Johnston, Nancy A.C.; Swanson, Aaron L.; Katzenstein, Aaron S.; Meinardi, Simone; Sive, B. C.; Colman, Jonah J.; Atlas, Elliot L.; Flocke, Frank; Vay, S. A.; Avery, M. A.; Rowland, F. S.

doi:10.1029/2000jd900773

Cited by 64 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Linear COF 2 trends deduced from the present study are considerably lower than the value found by Mélen et al (1998) produced in that figure are those provided by the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) network (Prinn et al, 2000), as well as by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA/ESRL - Montzka et al, 1999;Thompson et al, 2004) and the University of California at Irvine (UCI - Blake et al, 1996;Blake et al, 2001). A small but obvious decrease in the abundance of CFC-11 is observed since the middle of the nineties, and the rate of growth of CFC-12 has slowed down since the end of the nineties.…”

Section: Comparisons With Model Datacontrasting

confidence: 53%

An approach to retrieve information on the carbonyl fluoride (COF<sub>2</sub>) vertical distributions above Jungfraujoch by FTIR multi-spectrum multi-window fitting

Duchatelet¹,

Mahieu²,

Ruhnke

et al. 2009

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. We present an original multi-spectrum fitting procedure to retrieve volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles of carbonyl fluoride (COF 2 ) from ground-based high resolution Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) solar spectra. The multi-spectrum approach consists of simultaneously combining, during the retrievals, all spectra recorded consecutively during the same day and with the same resolution. Solar observations analyzed in this study with the SFIT-2 v3.91 fitting algorithm correspond to more than 2900 spectra recorded between January 2000 and December 2007 at high zenith angles, with a Fourier Transform Spectrometer operated at the high-altitude International Scientific Station of the Jungfraujoch (ISSJ, 46.5 • N latitude, 8.0 • E longitude, 3580 m altitude), Switzerland. The goal of the retrieval strategy described here is to provide information about the vertical distribution of carbonyl fluoride. The microwindows used are located in the ν 1 or in the ν 4 COF 2 infrared (IR) absorption bands. Averaging kernel and eigenvector analysis indicates that our FTIR retrieval is sensitive to COF 2 inversion between 17 and 30 km, with the major contribution to the retrieved information always coming from the measurement. Moreover, there was no significant bias between COF 2 partial columns, total columns or VMR profiles retrieved from the two bands. For each wavenumber region, a complete error budget including all identified sources has Correspondence to: P. Duchatelet (p.duchatelet@ulg.ac.be) been carefully established. In addition, comparisons of FTIR COF 2 17-30 km partial columns with KASIMA and SLIM-CAT 3-D CTMs are also presented. If we do not notice any significant bias between FTIR and SLIMCAT time series, KASIMA COF 2 17-30 km partial columns are lower of around 25%, probably due to incorrect lower boundary conditions. For each times series, linear trend estimation for the 2000-2007 time period as well as a seasonal variation study are also performed and critically discussed. For FTIR and KASIMA time series, very low COF 2 growth rates (0.4±0.2%/year and 0.3±0.2%/year, respectively) have been derived. However, the SLIMCAT data set gives a slight negative trend (−0.5±0.2%/year), probably ascribable to discontinuities in the meteorological data used by this model. We further demonstrate that all time series are able to reproduce the COF 2 seasonal cycle, which main seasonal characteristics deduced from each data set agree quite well.

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Section: Comparisons With Model Datacontrasting

confidence: 53%

An approach to retrieve information on the carbonyl fluoride (COF<sub>2</sub>) vertical distributions above Jungfraujoch by FTIR multi-spectrum multi-window fitting

Duchatelet¹,

Mahieu²,

Ruhnke

et al. 2009

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Furthermore, the observed rise in concentrations may be more representative of mid to high latitudes, particularly in the case of bromoform which is sufficiently short-lived to not be well mixed in the Northern Hemisphere. Interestingly, the absolute magnitude of CHBr 3 and CHBr 2 Cl concentrations at NGRIP are reasonably comparable to the concentrations detected during the TRACE-P and the PEM tropics A and B campaigns (Blake et al, 2001;Blake et al, 2003;Blake et al, 1999a;Blake et al, 1999b) that were used to determine the global burden (Ko et al, 2003).…”

Section: R Worton Et Al: Trends and Budgets Of Chloroform And Rementioning

confidence: 85%

20th century trends and budget implications of chloroform and related tri-and dihalomethanes inferred from firn air

et al. 2006

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Abstract. Four trihalomethane (THM; CHCl 3 , CHBrCl 2 , CHBr 2 Cl and CHBr 3 ) and two dihalomethane (DHM; CH 2 BrCl and CH 2 Br 2 ) trace gases have been measured in air extracted from polar firn collected at the North Greenland Icecore Project (NGRIP) site. CHCl 3 was also measured in firn air from Devon Island (DI), Canada, Dronning Maud Land (DML), Antarctica and Dome Concordia (Dome C), Antarctica. All of these species are believed to be almost entirely of natural origin except for CHCl 3 where anthropogenic sources have been reported to contribute ∼10% to the global burden. A 2-D atmospheric model was run for CHCl 3 using reported emission estimates to produce historical atmospheric trends at the firn sites, which were then input into a firn diffusion model to produce concentration depth profiles that were compared against the measurements. The anthropogenic emissions were modified in order to give the best model fit to the firn data at NGRIP, Dome C and DML. As a result, the contribution of CHCl 3 from anthropogenic sources, mainly from pulp and paper manufacture, to the total chloroform budget appears to have been considerably underestimated and was likely to have been close to ∼50% at the maximum in atmospheric CHCl 3 concentrations around 1990, declining to ∼29% at the beginning of the 21st century. We also show that the atmospheric burden of the brominated THM's in the Northern Hemisphere have increased over the 20th century while CH 2 Br 2 has remained constant over time implying that it is entirely of natural origin.

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“…The inconsistent tracking of Hg 0 among the tracers was borne out by their different temporal variability during the storm. Marine tracers commonly are not correlated geographically in the atmosphere due to different sources in the ocean (Blake et al, 2001). Also, a gradient in CHBr 3 and CH 2 Br 2 mixing ratios exists from ocean to land compared to similar levels of CH 3 I and Hg 0 in both environments (Sive et al, 2007;Mao et al, 2008).…”

Section: Oceanic Influencementioning

confidence: 99%

Oceanic influence on atmospheric mercury at coastal and inland sites: a springtime noreaster in New England

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Continuous measurements of elemental (Hg 0 ) and reactive mercury were conducted at two sites in New Hampshire during a powerful April 2007 noreaster. During the most intense period of the storm, enhancements of ∼30-50 ppqv in Hg 0 were observed at a coastal and a high elevation inland site. This enhancement occurred simultaneously with elevated mixing ratios of three marine tracers, CH 3 I, CH 2 Br 2 and CHBr 3 . These observations suggest a marine source of Hg 0 , possibly outgassing from the ocean surface during strong turbulence. The Hg 0 enhancement observed 100 km inland suggests that the impact of coastal storms on terrestrial Hg cycling may not be limited to near-shore environments. Combining Hg 0 and marine tracer measurements during the storm with estimates of oceanic tracer fluxes during previous strong storms yields an orderof-magnitude estimate of the oceanic source of Hg 0 during the storm (∼7 ppqv h −1 ) which can account for the observed enhancement at the field sites.

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Large‐scale latitudinal and vertical distributions of NMHCs and selected halocarbons in the troposphere over the Pacific Ocean during the March‐April 1999 Pacific Exploratory Mission (PEM‐Tropics B)

Cited by 64 publications

References 43 publications

An approach to retrieve information on the carbonyl fluoride (COF<sub>2</sub>) vertical distributions above Jungfraujoch by FTIR multi-spectrum multi-window fitting

An approach to retrieve information on the carbonyl fluoride (COF<sub>2</sub>) vertical distributions above Jungfraujoch by FTIR multi-spectrum multi-window fitting

20th century trends and budget implications of chloroform and related tri-and dihalomethanes inferred from firn air

Oceanic influence on atmospheric mercury at coastal and inland sites: a springtime noreaster in New England

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Large‐scale latitudinal and vertical distributions of NMHCs and selected halocarbons in the troposphere over the Pacific Ocean during the March‐April 1999 Pacific Exploratory Mission (PEM‐Tropics B)

Cited by 64 publications

References 43 publications

An approach to retrieve information on the carbonyl fluoride (COF&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) vertical distributions above Jungfraujoch by FTIR multi-spectrum multi-window fitting

An approach to retrieve information on the carbonyl fluoride (COF&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) vertical distributions above Jungfraujoch by FTIR multi-spectrum multi-window fitting

20th century trends and budget implications of chloroform and related tri-and dihalomethanes inferred from firn air

Oceanic influence on atmospheric mercury at coastal and inland sites: a springtime noreaster in New England

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An approach to retrieve information on the carbonyl fluoride (COF<sub>2</sub>) vertical distributions above Jungfraujoch by FTIR multi-spectrum multi-window fitting

An approach to retrieve information on the carbonyl fluoride (COF<sub>2</sub>) vertical distributions above Jungfraujoch by FTIR multi-spectrum multi-window fitting