Large-scale habitat segregation of fish-eating and mammal-eating killer whales (Orcinus orca) in the western North Pacific

Filatova, Olga A.; Шпак, О. В.; Ivkovich, Tatiana V.; Volkova, Evgeniia V.; Fedutin, Ivan D.; Ovsyanikova, Ekaterina N.; Burdin, Alexander M.; Hoyt, Erich

doi:10.1007/s00300-019-02484-6

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Killer whale populations with dietary and morphological differences consistent with ecotypes have now been identified in the Southern Ocean [ 14 – 16 ], the Northwest Pacific [ 17 – 19 ], and the Northeast Atlantic, where generalist (Type 1) and specialist (Type 2) types occur [ 20 – 22 ]. Comparatively little is known about ecological divergence among killer whales in the northwest Atlantic (NWA), where killer whales off the coast of Newfoundland and Labrador have been observed pursuing or feeding on marine mammals and fish, including odontocetes, mysticetes, and seals, as well as herring and tuna [ 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino acid δ15N differences consistent with killer whale ecotypes in the Arctic and Northwest Atlantic

2021

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Ecotypes are groups within a species with different ecological adaptations than their conspecifics. Eastern North Pacific (ENP) killer whale (Orcinus orca) ecotypes differ in their diet, behavior, and morphology, but the same is not known for this species in the eastern Canadian Arctic (ECA) and Northwest Atlantic (NWA). Using compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) of amino acids (AAs), we compared δ15N patterns of the primary trophic and source AA pair, glutamic acid/glutamine (Glx) and phenylalanine (Phe), in dentine collagen of (1) sympatric ENP killer whale ecotypes with well-characterized diet differences and (2) ECA/NWA killer whales with unknown diets. δ15NGlx-Phe was significantly higher in the ENP fish-eating (FE) than mammal-eating (ME) ecotype (19.2 ± 0.4‰ vs. 13.5 ± 0.7‰, respectively). Similar bimodal variation in δ15NGlx-Phe indicated analogous dietary divisions among ECA/NWA killer whales, with two killer whales having higher δ15NGlx-Phe (16.5 ± 0.0‰) than the others (13.5 ± 0.6‰). Inferences of dietary divisions between these killer whales were supported by parallel differences in threonine δ15N (–33.5 ± 1.6‰ and –40.4 ± 1.1‰, respectively), given the negative correlation between δ15NThr and TP across a range of marine consumers. CSIA-AA results for ECA/NWA whales, coupled with differences in tooth wear (a correlate for diet), are consistent with ecotype characteristics reported in ENP and other killer whale populations, thus adding to documented ecological divergence in this species worldwide.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino acid δ15N differences consistent with killer whale ecotypes in the Arctic and Northwest Atlantic

2021

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“…Sus patrones de movimiento y alimentación están ligados a factores como características geográficas, temperatura del agua, topografía del fondo marino y disponibilidad de determinadas presas. En general, por su posición en las redes tróficas marinas son bioindicadores clave en los ecosistemas marinos (Dahlheim & White, 2010;Filatova et al 2019). Durante la última década la conservación de los cetáceos en el nivel mundial ha recibido mucha atención, debido a su capacidad de fijación de carbono, así como importantes interacciones que presentan con el fitoplancton, en donde la actividad de cetáceos promueve la proliferación de estos microorganismos (Chami et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Avistamientos de <i>Orcinus orca</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cetartiodactyla: Odontoceti: Delphinidae) en el Pacífico costarricense (1990-2020)

Castro-Azofeifa

2021

Rev. Mar. Cost.

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Las orcas son cetáceos poco estudiados en el trópico, y sus desplazamientos por aguas costarricenses han sido escasamente abordados. Son animales de gran importancia ecológica debido a su rol como depredadores top, y documentar su presencia en el país puede ser de gran importancia científica y social, pues para las comunidades costeras esta información podría representar una gran oportunidad desde el punto de vista ecoturístico. El objetivo de esta investigación fue sintetizar y sistematizar los reportes existentes, referente a las orcas en el país, mediante publicaciones científicas, libros e información derivada de informes de ciudadanos. Se tomó en cuenta la información recabada hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2020. Se dividieron los avistamientos y el número de orcas en el Pacífico costarricense regionalmente: 17 avistamientos y 56 individuos para el Pacífico Sur, 7 avistamientos y 20 individuos para el Pacífico Norte, 3 avistamientos y 19 individuos en el Pacífico Central y 4 avistamientos y 10 individuos para la Isla del Coco. Se contabilizaron 31 avistamientos y 105 individuos en total. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas sobre la ocurrencia de orcas entre las zonas, aunque hay una mayor cantidad de reportes en el Pacífico Sur, en especial, durante setiembre. Estudiar la presencia de las orcas en el país, que involucren procesos de educación ambiental y ciencia ciudadana, puede proveer importantes herramientas para la formulación de políticas públicas que permitan una conservación efectiva de los cetáceos y ofrecer mayores oportunidades de crecimiento para la industria ecoturística en las costas.

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“…However, large-scale climatic events that affect water temperature are not the only cues odontocetes may use to locate a desirable habitat. While sperm whales have been shown to be more present in the high northern latitudes (outside of the Bering and Chukchi Seas) in the summers in off-shelf waters, or along thermal fronts of warm-core rings (Christensen et al 1992;Mellinger et al 2006;Waring et al 2006;Griffin 2006), these cosmopolitan species prefer deep waters with weak thermoclines and strong haloclines in one area, but deep productive waters with cold surface temperatures in other areas, making their preferences difficult to pinpoint (Jaquet 1996;Embling 2008). The most recent studies to compare acoustic and visual surveys of sperms whales largely found them in the deep basin areas of the Bering and Chukchi Seas (Crance and Matuoka 2018;Crance et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Porpoises have been shown to prefer low tidal currents during spring tides (Embling 2008). In the Central-eastern and Southeastern Bering Sea, Dall's porpoises were mostly spotted along the 200 m isobath while harbor porpoises were mostly spotted along the 100-50 m isobaths (Moore et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Delphinid species in general are associated with deep thermoclines in Scottish waters (Embling 2008) and a couple Pacific white-sided dolphin sightings occurred very close to shore along the Aleutian archipelago both on the Gulf of Alaska and the Bering Sea sides of the islands (Moore et al 2002). Visually, Risso's dolphins have not been documented above the 51st parallel more than once (Clark 1945), but they have been detected acoustically in recent years (Seger and Miksis-Olds 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A decade of marine mammal acoustical presence and habitat preference in the Bering Sea

Seger¹,

Miksis‐Olds

2020

Polar Biol

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As Arctic seas rapidly change with increased ocean temperatures and decreased sea ice extent, traditional Arctic marine mammal distributions may be altered, and typically temperate marine mammal species may shift poleward. Extant and seasonal odontocete species on the continental shelves of the Bering and Chukchi Seas include killer whales (Orcinus orca), sperm whales (Physeter microcephalus), beluga whales (Delphiapterus leucas), harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena), and Dall’s porpoises (Phocoenoides dalli). Newly documented, typically temperate odontocete species include Risso’s dolphins (Grampus griseus) and Pacific white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens). Until recently, recording constraints limited sampling rates, preventing the acoustic detection of many of these high frequency-producing (> 22 kHz) species in the Arctic seas. Using one of the first long-term datasets to record frequencies up to 50 kHz in these waters, clicks, buzzes, and whistles have been detected, classified, and paired with environmental data to explore which variables best parameterize habitat preference. Typically temperate species were associated temporally with cold Bering Sea Climate Regimes in tandem with negative Pacific Decadal Oscillations. Typically Arctic species’ strongest explanatory variables for distribution were largely species and site specific. Regardless of species, however, the environmental cues (e.g. percent ice cover or zooplankton community structure) marine mammals use for locating viable habitat space are ones that will change as temperatures increase. This 10-year dataset documents the current state and tracks recent dynamics of odontocetes and their habitats along the Pacific Arctic Corridor to contribute to ongoing discussions about future Arctic conditions.

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Large-scale habitat segregation of fish-eating and mammal-eating killer whales (Orcinus orca) in the western North Pacific

Cited by 22 publications

References 50 publications

Amino acid δ15N differences consistent with killer whale ecotypes in the Arctic and Northwest Atlantic

Amino acid δ15N differences consistent with killer whale ecotypes in the Arctic and Northwest Atlantic

Avistamientos de <i>Orcinus orca</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cetartiodactyla: Odontoceti: Delphinidae) en el Pacífico costarricense (1990-2020)

A decade of marine mammal acoustical presence and habitat preference in the Bering Sea

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