Large scale extraction of the fruits of Garcinia indica for the isolation of new and known polyisoprenylated benzophenone derivatives

Chemical and Biological Aspects of Garcinol and Isogarcinol: Recent Developments

“…Isogarcinol can be easily prepared by treatment of garcinol with aqueous HCl in toluene at room temperature . Another suitable large scale isolation method initially removed hydroxycitric acid from Garcinia indica fruits by washing with water, followed by methanol extraction of the fruits, adsorption of the concentrated methanol extract on Celite and extraction of the methanol extract loaded Celite with hexane followed by column chromatography of the hexane extract . Recently, garcinol and isogarcinol were isolated from fruits of Garcinia multiflora , a medicinal plant of South China known for its antioxidant activity .…”

“…High yields of garcinol can be obtained from dried kokum (Garcinia indica) plums while garcinol can be easily converted to isogarcinol under acidic conditions. [6,8] High yields of garcinol (up to 5 g from 500 g dried kokum plums) were achieved by extraction of chopped dried kokum plums with methanol, evaporation of the solvent, redissolution of the methanol extract in ethyl acetate, washing of the latter with water, column chromatography of the concentrated ethyl acetate extract (silica gel 60, ethyl acetate/hexane 1:2) followed by crystallization of the concentrated eluate from hexane to give yellow needles. [6] Isogarcinol can be easily prepared by treatment of garcinol with aqueous HCl in toluene at room temperature.…”

“…[6] Another suitable large scale isolation method initially removed hydroxycitric acid from Garcinia indica fruits by washing with water, followed by methanol extraction of the fruits, adsorption of the concentrated methanol extract on Celite and extraction of the methanol extract loaded Celite with hexane followed by column chromatography of the hexane extract. [8] Recently, garcinol and isogarcinol were isolated from fruits of Garcinia multiflora, a medicinal plant of South China known for its antioxidant activity. [10,12] The authors obtained 500 mg garcinol and 101 mg isogarcinol from 5.2 kg dried G. multiflora fruits (powdered dried G. multiflora fruits were extracted with 95 % ethanol and the ethanol extract was extracted with petroleum ether followed by column chromatography on silica gel and recrystallization to obtain garcinol).…”

“…Garcinia species produce the biologically active benzophenones/polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs) garcinol and isogarcinol which have raised the interest of chemists and molecular biologists alike ( Figure ) . Garcinol is easily available in large amounts and high purity by extraction of dried kokum plums ( Garcinia indica ) followed by chromatographic purification and/or crystallization . Isogarcinol is easily prepared from garcinol by treatment with diluted hydrochloric acid .…”

“…[6,7] Garcinol is easily available in large amounts and high purity by extraction of dried kokum plums (Garcinia indica) followed by chromatographic purification and/or crystallization. [6,8] Isogarcinol is easily prepared from garcinol by treatment with diluted hydrochloric acid. [9] The activity spectra of garcinol and isogarcinol include anticancer, antibiotic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.…”