Large-scale electron bombardment of the atmosphere at the sudden commencement of a geomagnetic storm

Brown, R. R.; Hartz, T. R.; Landmark, B.; Leinbach, H.; Ortner, J.

doi:10.1029/jz066i004p01035

Cited by 83 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…These waves, also known as geomagnetic pulsations, have frequencies in the range of about 1 mHz to 1 Hz and play a role in transporting mass, momentum, and energy throughout the magnetosphere. Modulations of energetic particle fluxes by ULF waves with periods of several minutes (Pc 5 range) were first reported by Brown et al (1961), who attributed them to solar wind dynamic pressure pulses. Subsequently, Kivelson (1981, 1982) developed theory that has proved useful for interpreting observational features of ULF waves and the modulations of ion and electron flux produced by them (Zong et al 2007(Zong et al , 2009a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interaction of ultra-low-frequency pc3-5 waves with charged particles in Earth’s magnetosphere

Zong

Rankin

Zhou

2017

Rev. Mod. Plasma Phys.

140

162

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One of the most important issues in space physics is to identify the dominant processes that transfer energy from the solar wind to energetic particle populations in Earth's inner magnetosphere. Ultra-low-frequency (ULF) waves are an important consideration as they propagate electromagnetic energy over vast distances with little dissipation and interact with charged particles via drift resonance and drift-bounce resonance. ULF waves also take part in magnetosphereionosphere coupling and thus play an essential role in regulating energy flow throughout the entire system. This review summarizes recent advances in the characterization of ULF Pc3-5 waves in different regions of the magnetosphere, including ion and electron acceleration associated with these waves.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interaction of ultra-low-frequency pc3-5 waves with charged particles in Earth’s magnetosphere

Zong

Rankin

Zhou

2017

Rev. Mod. Plasma Phys.

140

162

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“…Magnetospheric ULF waves can be generated by solar wind dynamic pressure pulses. Modulations of energetic particle fluxes by waves with periods of several minutes (Pc 5 range) were first reported by Brown et al [44]. An extensive theoretical analysis of ULF waves and particle oscillations has been carried out by Southwood and Kivelson [37,45], which has been further developed to explain more observational facts [46,47].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast acceleration of “killer” electrons and energetic ions by interplanetary shock stimulated ULF waves in the inner magnetosphere

et al. 2011

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Energetic electrons and ions in the Van Allen radiation belt are the number one space weather threat. Understanding how these energetic particles are accelerated within the Van Allen radiation belt is one of the major challenges in space physics. This paper reviews the recent progress on the fast acceleration of "killer" electrons and energetic ions by ultralow frequency (ULF) waves stimulated by the interplanetary shock in the inner magnetosphere. Very low frequency (VLF) wave-particle interaction is considered to be one of the primary electron acceleration mechanisms because electron cyclotron resonances can easily occur in the VLF frequency range. Recently, using four Cluster spacecraft observations, we have found that, after interplanetary shocks impact the Earth's magnetosphere, energetic electrons in the radiation belt are accelerated almost immediately and continue to accelerate for a few hours. The time scale (a few days) for traditional acceleration mechanisms, based on VLF wave-particle interactions to accelerate electrons to relativistic energies, is too long to explain our observations. Furthermore, we have found that interplanetary shocks or solar wind pressure pulses, with even small dynamic pressure changes, can play a non-negligible role in radiation belt dynamics. Interplanetary shocks interaction with the Earth's magnetosphere manifests many fundamental space physics phenomena including energetic particle acceleration. The mechanism of fast acceleration of energetic electrons in the radiation belt responding to interplanetary shock impacts consists of three contributing parts: (1) the initial adiabatic acceleration due to strong shock-related magnetic field compression; (2) followed by the drift-resonant acceleration with poloidal ULF waves excited at different L-shells; and (3) particle acceleration due to the quickly damping electric fields associated with ULF waves. Particles end up with a net acceleration because they gain more energy in the first half of this cycle than they lose in the second. The results reported in this paper cast a new light on understanding the acceleration of energetic particles in the Earth's Van Allen radiation belt. The results of this study can likewise be applied to interplanetary shock interaction with other planets such as Mercury, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, and other astrophysical objects with magnetic fields."killer" electrons, radiation belt, energetic particles acceleration, ULF wave, VLF wave, wave-particle interaction, resonance Citation:Zong Q G, Wang Y F, Yuan C J, et al. Fast acceleration of "killer" electrons and energetic ions by inter-planetary shock stimulated ULF waves in the inner magnetosphere.

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“…Precipitation driven by a SC can be observed by riometers as short-lived CNA coincident with the onset of the SC, known as Sudden Commencement Absorption (SCA) (Brown et al, 1961). CNA observed following an SI is termed Sudden Impulse Absorption (SIA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One mechanism for the enhancement of precipitation in the auroral zones is the compression of the magnetosphere as a result of an increase in the dynamic pressure (P dyn ) of the solar wind (Brown et al, 1961). Compression of the magnetosphere results in the stimulation of VLF waves, which in turn drive the pitch-angle diffusion necessary for trapped particles to precipitate into the ionosphere (Perona, 1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The driving mechanisms of particle precipitation during the moderate geomagnetic storm of 7 January 2005

et al. 2007

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Abstract. The arrival of an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) triggered a sudden storm commencement (SSC) at ∼09:22 UT on the 7 January 2005. The ICME followed a quiet period in the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). We present global scale observations of energetic electron precipitation during the moderate geomagnetic storm driven by the ICME. Energetic electron precipitation is inferred from increases in cosmic noise absorption (CNA) recorded by stations in the Global Riometer Array (GLO-RIA). No evidence of CNA was observed during the first four hours of passage of the ICME or following the sudden commencement (SC) of the storm. This is consistent with the findings of Osepian and Kirkwood (2004) that SCs will only trigger precipitation during periods of geomagnetic activity or when the magnetic perturbation in the magnetosphere is substantial. CNA was only observed following enhanced coupling between the IMF and the magnetosphere, resulting from southward oriented IMF. Precipitation was observed due to substorm activity, as a result of the initial injection and particles drifting from the injection region. During the recovery phase of the storm, when substorm activity diminished, precipitation due to density driven increases in the solar wind dynamic pressure (P dyn ) were identified. A number of increases in P dyn were shown to drive sudden impulses (SIs) in the geomagnetic field. While many of these SIs appear coincident with CNA, SIs without CNA were also observed. During this period, the threshold of geomagnetic activity required for SC driven precipitation was exceeded. This implies that solar wind density driven SIs occurring during storm recovery can drive a different response in particle precipitation to typical SCs.

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Large-scale electron bombardment of the atmosphere at the sudden commencement of a geomagnetic storm

Cited by 83 publications

References 10 publications

The interaction of ultra-low-frequency pc3-5 waves with charged particles in Earth’s magnetosphere

The interaction of ultra-low-frequency pc3-5 waves with charged particles in Earth’s magnetosphere

Fast acceleration of “killer” electrons and energetic ions by interplanetary shock stimulated ULF waves in the inner magnetosphere

The driving mechanisms of particle precipitation during the moderate geomagnetic storm of 7 January 2005

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