Large-Scale Distributed Control for MVDC Ship Power Systems

Optimization-Based Power and Energy Management System in Shipboard Microgrid: A Review

“…MAS is inspired by the biological phenomena, which aims to achieve system objectives cooperatively that are difficult to reach by a single agent or a centralized controller. By dividing a single optimization problem into several sub-problems (i.e., being solved individually by every single agent), MAS technologies have great potential for real-time power management [129], [130] in large-scale systems. In [91], a distributed MAS-based PMS is proposed for the optimal power-sharing with minimum distribution losses and economic dispatch of resources.…”

“…In the SPS, [128] develops a modified nested EMS based on the ADMM to obtain the solution strategy with contradicting objectives. [129] and [130] combine the ADMM with MPC to formulate a DMPC for real-time power management. DMPC can not only inherit the advantage of explicit accommodating of constraints and good optimization performance but also has the advantages of a distributed framework, namely flexibility and error tolerance, which can support plug-and-play operation.…”

“…Although there has been a small amount of research working on the distributed PMS for the SPSs, especially for ships on zonal electrical distribution (ZED), most studies remain focused on centralized power management strategies. Current studies on distributed ship PMS mainly concentrate on the maximum load supplement with limited energy capacity [127], [130], [131], maintaining a high SOC of ESSs [129] and reducing the system operational cost [91], [92], [130]. Little of them considers the factors that have been studied a lot in the centralized SPS, such as the GHG emission, the uncertainties brought by sensor failure or environmental variation, and the negative effects from pulsed loads and fluctuated loads.…”

A Moment of Maritime Opportunity? The Operational Energy Challenge

“…Efforts in advanced power controls and sensors to monitor and analyze varying electrical loads are becoming imperative to understand current and future load requirements (Vu et al, 2018). Future weapons with non-linear loads will require systems that can maintain power quality and ensure stable load integration.…”

Modeling Communication Networks in a Real-Time Simulation Environment for Evaluating Controls of Shipboard Power Systems

“…These ESMs are controlled under a distributed power and energy management system scheme. We have presented our control system for the energy storage modules in [9]. There are also five power management controllers for ESM (PSM1-PSM5), which manage the powersharing among the energy storage module during pulse power operations with a spinning reserve operation mode.…”