Large scale data regression for process calculations—theory and description of the virtual database

Satyro, Marco A.; Liu, A.; Agarwal, Reshu; Li, Y.-K.; Santollani, O.J.; Svrcek, William Y.

doi:10.1016/j.fluid.2004.06.026

Cited by 1 publication

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…There are several commercialised processes proposed for urea production such as Stamicarbon process, Snamprogetti Process, Chao process and Uchino process . Stamicarbon method is one of the most common processes for urea production designed and commercialised by a Dutch company .…”

Section: Urea Production Process Via Stamicarbon Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The industrial production of urea is based on the reaction of ammonia (NH 3 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) at high pressure and temperature to form ammonium carbamate, which is consecutively dehydrated into urea and water. Both the exothermic carbamate reaction and the endothermic urea formation reaction often happen in the urea reactor of the industrial plants . The reactor is designed such that its volume is big enough for the desired urea production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reactor is designed such that its volume is big enough for the desired urea production. In most of the technologies developed for urea synthesis, the main reaction takes place in the liquid phase under pressure ranging from 13 to 25 MPa; while, the reactor temperature is between 170 and 200°C . Moreover, the recent reactors are operated as adiabatic in practice …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…heat and mass transfer) between existing phases and the kinetics of urea reaction govern the behaviour of the urea reactor. Therefore, the conversion of carbamate into urea is not only controlled by the equilibrium constraints of urea reaction as traditionally believed, but also by the fluid dynamics contributing into the reactor operation …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The widespread urea synthesis technologies were addressed by several researchers . These different technologies of urea production mainly contrast on how urea is separated from the raw materials and how NH 3 and CO 2 are recycled back to the reactor .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A dual approach for modelling and optimisation of industrial urea reactor: Smart technique and grey box model

et al. 2013

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Urea has the highest demand among all solid nitrogenous fertilisers within the agriculture industry. In this paper, a mathematical model and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique are proposed for the simulation and optimisation of the urea plant in an industrial petrochemical company. The developed mathematical model consists of complex vapour–liquid equilibria for the NH3–CO2–H2O–(NH2)2CO system in thermodynamic and reaction frameworks. The smart technique (e.g. ANN) considers the CO2 conversion in terms of temperature and the molar ratios of NH3/CO2 and H2O/CO2 in the liquid phase. The ANN predictions were compared with the real data and results obtained from the mathematical model. An acceptable agreement was attained between deterministic methods. Through implementation of a systematic sensitivity analysis, it was found that a temperature of 191°C, a pressure of 132 atm and a NH3/CO2 ratio of 2.7 are the optimum process conditions for the urea production. It is concluded that the developed ANN (or connectionist) technique is an efficient tool for modelling complex phase equilibria with reaction in the industrial urea plant.

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Section: Urea Production Process Via Stamicarbon Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations