Large-scale data processing in the Prudential, 1850–1930

Campbell-Kelly, Martin

doi:10.1080/09585209200000036

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In recent years, these rapprochements have generated fruitful cross-analyses, like Jennifer S. Light's article on the ENIAC Girls in Gender & Technology . 14 The interest in women's role in computing on both sides of the Atlantic coincides with similar interest from other disciplines, particularly the Information and Communication Sciences and Education Sciences, 15 as well as with a general interest in ICTs as seen in numerous French academic special issues, like 'Le sexe du téléphone' (Phone sex), in Réseaux (2000) Cross-analysing the problem of ICT with women's roles, as this work aspires to do, may seem challenging. As described in the works of Tom Misa, Tom Haigh or Nathan Ensmenger, the very notion of computing as a construct requires a nuanced understanding.…”

mentioning

confidence: 79%

“…References about this relationship appeared in the movement's fi rst documents; however, this link between women and free radio in Spain was never as deep as it was in France or Italy, where feminist collectives established free radios such as the French Radioteuses or the Italian Radio Lilith . 15 As mentioned above, there was a feminist group in the collective that established Ona Lliure . Its role appeared in the radio 's founding manifesto: "When we talk about the Movement [referring to the different social movements], we consider that 13 Merton 1964 : 149.…”

Section: Women and Free Radiomentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The highly important North Atlantic connection alone processed about 10,000 messages daily. 15 By 1900, the world had become a connected place, with the telegraph providing the essential tool for these connections. 16 While the emergence of the telegraph in combination with a network of railways and ships set in motion globalization processes allowing for world commerce, world politics, and a "global" public, it also cocreated a particular social geography of the modern world.…”

Section: From the Telegrapher's Muse To Female Telegraphic "Bow Wow"mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Connecting Women

2015

History of Computing

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mentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Women and Free Radiomentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: From the Telegrapher's Muse To Female Telegraphic "Bow Wow"mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Connecting Women

2015

History of Computing

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“…For example, large organizations such as the Railway Clearing House and the Prudential Insurance Company solved their informational needs not through the use of new general-purpose machine technologies, such as typewriters and tabulating machines, but by using specialized office environments, manual processing methods, and fine-grained division of labor. 1 Another assumption is that big corporations were the key bureaucratic organizations that needed large-scale information processing. Jon Agar has shown that in Britain a movement of mid-level technologists in the civil service were the ones to take a leading role as office machinery innovators and users.…”

Section: Re-aiming Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward International Computing History

Schlombs

2006

IEEE Annals Hist. Comput.

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It's no secret that the history of digital computing is generally written from an American perspective. There are good reasons for this: Americans were pacemakers of technological development in computing, and US companies long dominated world markets. Besides, formidable barriers-including language differences, access to archival and other sources, and the demands of mastering multiple national histories-make international historical research expensive and time consuming. Yet the need for a truly international history of computing is becoming increasingly apparent.Comparative and international history protects us from one of the main fallacies in the history of computing: overgeneralization. Broadening our historical focus by moving away from an American-centered history of computing could both identify causal factors as well as augment social and cultural histories.

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“…By 1854 the Prudential had begun its long and dominating career in industrial life business (Morrah, 1955: 24;Campbell-Kelly, 1992).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

The development of life assurance accounting and regulation in the UK: reflections on recent proposals for accounting change

Horton¹,

Macve²

1994

Accounting, Business & Financial History

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At its beginnings in the late sixteenth century, UK life insurance was originally short-term, often one-year, insurance. Its development into a long-term investment medium exposed a tension between the emerging commercial accountancy conventions for stating financial position and results, based on past transactions, and the forward-looking, actuarial approach needed for the valuation of the business for solvency verification and for decisions about distributions.It is argued here that the first Companies Act in 1844 included insurance companies (unlike banks) with the generality of companies, and subjected them to the same accounting and auditing requirements, by default, as there was not yet sufficient confidence in the techniques and standing of actuaries to rely on specialist actuarial valuations. But the resulting confusion over how to present life insurance company accounts led to gradual recognition of the special nature of the public interest in insurance companies, and the nature of the accounting and other information that should be disclosed continued to be debated at a number of important junctures in the course of the nineteenth century. The major change came when the Life Assurance Companies Act 1870 required periodic actuarial valuation of the life fund. Although this Act also set out a detailed, specialized form of accounts required to show the annual income and expenditure of life companies, in reality these conventional accounts were now little more than an appendage to the actuarial valuation. The dominance of the actuarial valuation for solvency purposes and for Accounting, Business and

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Large-scale data processing in the Prudential, 1850–1930

Cited by 34 publications

References 4 publications

Connecting Women

Connecting Women

Toward International Computing History

The development of life assurance accounting and regulation in the UK: reflections on recent proposals for accounting change

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