Large-Scale Confirmatory Tests of a Phytosanitary Irradiation Treatment Against <I>Sternochetus frigidus</I> (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Philippine Mango

Abstract

The mango pulp weevil, Sternochetus frigidus (F.), is an important quarantine pest preventing the export of mangoes from the Philippines to the United States and other countries. Previously, a radiation dose of 100 Gy was proposed for phytosanitary treatment of S. frigidus based on dose-response studies with larvae, pupae, and adult weevils. To validate an irradiation treatment, large-scale confirmatory tests were conducted with adults (the most radiation-tolerant stage) in mangoes at 100 and 150 Gy. After treatment, adults were removed from fruit, sexed, and mated in pairs to observe any reproduction. At 100 Gy, adults laid a small number of eggs but none of the eggs hatched. At 150 Gy (measured doses 96.7-164.1 Gy),4,559 treated weevils laid no eggs, indicating that this dose caused complete sterility. Irradiation treatment with a minimum absorbed dose of 165 Gy will therefore provide quarantine security for S. frigidus in exported Philippine mangoes.

The Bugs in the Bags: The Risk Associated with the Introduction of Small Quantities of Fruit and Plants by Airline Passengers

“…Although this species is native to South East Asia, finding it in fruits from an African country could suggest the spreading of MFW from African fields or the importation of infested mangoes from Asia that are not yet known. MFW is an important economic and quarantine pest for mango [ 87 ], but it is actually absent in the EPPO regions. However, recently, mango orchards have moved outside the traditional geographical range, particularly in the Mediterranean area thanks to the suitable sub-tropical climate conditions [ 88 ].…”

Irradiation for Quarantine Control of Coffee Berry Borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Coffee and a Proposed Generic Dose for Snout Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)

“…The higher 300 Gy dose was adopted later due to concerns about the limited number of insects tested at the lower doses and the need, therefore, for a margin of safety. The closely related mango pulp weevil, Sternochetus frigidus , was sterilized at a radiation dose of 100 Gy ( Obra et al 2013 ), and large-scale confirmatory tests showed complete adult sterility of this weevil at a target dose of 150 Gy (maximum dose of 165 Gy) ( Obra et al 2014 ). Results with S. frigidus support eventually lowering the regulatory dose for S. mangiferae .…”

Pengaruh iradiasi sinar gamma terhadap fertilitas Sternochetus frigidus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) pada mangga kuini

“…Kondisi serangga hidup normal memiliki ciri yang sewajarnya tanpa adanya getaran pada bagian dari antena dan tungkai. Perlakuan iradiasi sinar gamma untuk serangga sudah dilakukan pada stadia telur, larva, pupa, dan beberapa imago sudah diuji di antaranya dari kelompok Ordo Coleoptera (Obra et al 2013;Obra et al 2014). Pada percobaan kedua, hidup normal serangga uji menunjukkan tidak berpengaruh nyata pada seluruh dosis perlakuan dibandingkan dengan percobaan pertama.…”