Large-scale brain networks and psychopathology: a unifying triple network model

Dissociable relations between amygdala subregional networks and psychopathy trait dimensions in conduct‐disordered juvenile offenders

“…While these regions clearly serve myriad of functions, the interconnections and temporal dynamics they share are increasingly surmised reflective of an integrated neural circuitry serving salience processing, affective responding, and associative learning [Bressler and Menon, 2010; Etkin et al, 2011; Habas et al, 2009; Menon, 2011; Pessoa, 2011; Seeley et al, 2007]. Within this putative circuitry, the periaqueductal gray, cerebellum, and CMA seemingly convey visceromotor and affective salience to ventral segments of the anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortices, where it is represented as expected value information [Arnsten and Rubia, 2012; Etkin et al, 2011; Myers‐Schulz and Koenigs, 2012; Pessoa, 2011; Roy et al, 2014; Sah et al, 2003; Seeley et al, 2007].…”

“…While these interconnected neocortical regions clearly serve myriad of functions, recent theories surmise their collective functioning reflective of a frontoparietal control system, which ostensibly supports executive control and behavioral inhibition in the context of goal‐directed behavior [Bressler and Menon, 2010; Luckmann et al, 2014; Menon, 2011; Seeley et al, 2007]. Within this system, posterolateral parietal regions seem to orient attention in time and space and are necessary for conscious perception, while lateral and medial prefrontal areas seemingly accommodate task‐driven attention modulation and response selection, along with cognitive and behavioral control of action [Arnsten and Rubia, 2012; Menon, 2011; Seeley et al, 2007].…”

“…In contrast, as affective psychopathic traits index callousness and lack of negative emotionality [Andershed et al, 2007; Cooke and Michie, 2001; Neumann et al, 2006; Seara‐Cardoso and Viding, 2014], it may seem reasonable to assume an association between these traits and connectivity of CMA with regions serving affective saliency and emotional responding [Etkin et al, 2011; Pessoa, 2011; Seeley et al, 2007]. Finally, as behavioral psychopathic traits index an impulsive, irresponsible, and disinhibited profile [Andershed et al, 2007; Cooke and Michie, 2001; Neumann et al, 2006; Seara‐Cardoso and Viding, 2014], one may speculate an association between these traits and connectivity of BLA with regions governing self‐regulation and action planning [Arnsten and Rubia, 2012; Menon, 2011; Seeley et al, 2007]. Considering the developmental variation in amygdala subregional connectivity [Qin et al, 2012], exploratory analysis additionally probed whether these trait‐specific iFC patterns might be impacted by age.…”

Relation between patterns of intrinsic network connectivity, cognitive functioning, and symptom presentation in trauma‐exposed patients with major depressive disorder

“…Menon (2011) proposes a triple network model of psychopathology comprising three main intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) that together may underlie many of the neurocognitive and affective symptoms that characterize psychiatric disorders. This model describes the default mode network (DMN), the central executive network (CEN), and the salience network (SN).…”

“…Finally, the SN is comprised of the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, the anterior insula, and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) (Seeley et al., 2007) and plays a role in salience detection. The SN, in particular the anterior insula, is thought to be partly responsible for switching between the DMN and the CEN, thus facilitating the engagement of brain regions mediating higher‐order cognitive processes (Menon, 2011; Sridharan, Levitin, & Menon, 2008). By examining the association between ICNs, cognitive dysfunction and symptom presentation in patients with MDD who have a history of trauma exposure, we hope to increase our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction and symptom presentation among a patient population that is often treatment resistant and presents with a heightened pattern of cognitive dysfunction (Harkness et al., 2012; Olff et al., 2014).…”