Large-scale and low-cost synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes by the catalytic pyrolysis of hydrocarbons

Cheng, Hui‐Ming; Li, F.; Su, Ge; Pan, Haifeng; He, L. L.; Sun, Xueliang; Dresselhaus, M. S.

doi:10.1063/1.121624

Cited by 675 publications

(385 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The CNTs synthesized by conventional methods of arc discharge, laser ablation, and CVD [83][84][85] are usually cap-closed. Because the nanochannels of AAO films can be either one-side open or both-side open [30,31,86], the cap structure of AAO-CNTs can be controlled with good uniformity by selecting different types of AAO templates [33,38].…”

Section: Synthesis Of Cnts By the Aao Template Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon nanotubes prepared by anodic aluminum oxide template method

et al. 2011

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One of the most unique structural characteristics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) differentiating from other carbon materials is their hollow nanochannles, which can be utilized for encapsulating and loading foreign matters. The anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template technique enables the diameter, length, and cap structure control of the replicated CNTs, and thus shows advantages in pore structure control over the traditional CNT growth approaches. This review details the synthesis of CNTs with tunable diameter, length, wall thickness, and crystalline by using the AAO template method. The doping of heteroatoms and filling of foreign matters into AAO-CNTs are also addressed. Moreover, the main challenges and developing trends of the AAO template method are discussed.carbon nanotubes (CNTs), anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template method, controllability Citation:Hou P X, Liu C, Shi C, et al. Carbon nanotubes prepared by anodic aluminum oxide template method.

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Section: Synthesis Of Cnts By the Aao Template Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon nanotubes prepared by anodic aluminum oxide template method

et al. 2011

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“…This method helped to increase the yield of SWNTs, though higher concentrations gave amorphous carbon overcoating or required lower production temperatures. In other works, a mixture of benzene and ferrocene [108], metallocenes in an admixture with C 2 H 2 [118], CO and CO/H 2 [119] or Fe(C 5 H 5 ) 2 [120] was suggested as a carbon feedstock. Moreover, ultralong SWNTs of 10-20 cm length have been synthesised by Zhu et al using a hexane solution of ferrocene and thiophene with hydrogen as the carrier gas [121].…”

Section: High-pressure Carbon Monoxide Reaction (Hipco)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the carbon source gas, several hydrocarbons were studied, for example, methane [105], ethylene [107], benzene [108] or the most recent one, camphor (C 10 H 16 O), which moreover appeared to be environment friendly [109]. A substrate is covered with catalytic metal particles, like Fe, Ni, Co or their combination.…”

Section: Chemical Vapour Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon nanotubes for ultrafast fibre lasers

et al. 2016

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess both remarkable optical properties and high potential for integration in various photonic devices. We overview, here, recent progress in CNT applications in fibre optics putting particular emphasis on fibre lasers. We discuss fabrication and characterisation of different CNTs, development of CNTbased saturable absorbers (CNT-SA), their integration and operation in fibre laser cavities putting emphasis on stateof-the-art fibre lasers, mode locked using CNT-SA. We discuss new design concepts of high-performance ultrafast operation fibre lasers covering ytterbium (Yb), bismuth (Bi), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm) and holmium (Ho)-doped fibre lasers.

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“…They have also been produced on large-scale by the catalytic decomposition of hydrocarbons at about 1200°C [31].…”

Section: Formation Offullerenes and Nanostructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion synthesis of fullerenes and fullerenic nanostructures

Goel

Hebgen

Sande

et al. 2002

Carbon

115

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Fullerenes are molecules comprised entirely of sp 2 -bonded carbon atoms arranged in pentagonal and hexagonal rings to form a hollow, closed-cage structure. Buckyballs, a subset which contains C 60 and C 70 , are single-shell molecules while fullerenic nanostructures can contain many shells and over 300 carbon atoms. Both fullerenes and nanostructures have an array of applications in a wide variety of fields, including medical and consumer products. Fullerenes were discovered in 1985 and were first isolated from the products of a laminar low-pressure premixed benzene/oxygen/argon flame operating at fuel-rich conditions in 1991. Flame studies indicated that fullerene yields depend on operating parameters such as temperature, pressure, residence time, and equivalence ratio. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) showed that the soot contains nanostructures, including onions and nanotubes.Although flame conditions for forming fullerenes have been identified, the process has not been optimized and many flame environments of potential interest are unstudied. Mechanistic characteristics of fullerene formation remain poorly understood and cost estimation of large-scale production has not been performed. Accordingly, this work focused on: 1) studying fullerene formation in diffusion and premixed flames under new conditions to identify optimal parameters; 2) investigating the reaction of fullerenes with soot; 3) positively identifying C 60 molecules in HRTEM by tethering them to carbon black; and 4) providing a cost estimation for industrial fullerenic soot production.Samples of condensable material from laminar low-pressure benzene/argon/oxygen diffusion flames were collected and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and HRTEM. The highest concentration of fullerenes in a flame was always detected just above the height where the fuel is consumed. The percentage of fullerenes in condensable material increases with decreasing pressure and the fullerene content of flames with similar cold gas velocities shows a strong dependence on length. A shorter flame, resulting from higher dilution or lower pressure, favors the formation of fullerenes rather than soot, exhibited by the lower amount of soot and precursors in such flames. This indicates a stronger correlation of fullerene consumption to soot levels than of fullerene formation to precursor concentration. The maximum flame temperature seems to be of minor importance in formation. The overall highest amount of fullerenes was found for a surprisingly high dilution of fuel with argon. The HRTEM analysis showed an increase of the curvature of the carbon layers, and hence increased fullerenic character, with increasing distance from the burner up to the point of maximum fullerene concentration, after which it decreases, consistent with the HPLC analysis. The soot shows highly ordered regions that appear to have been cells of fullerenic nanostructure formation. The samples also included fullerenic nanostructures such as tubes and sp...

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Large-scale and low-cost synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes by the catalytic pyrolysis of hydrocarbons

Cited by 675 publications

References 14 publications

Carbon nanotubes prepared by anodic aluminum oxide template method

Carbon nanotubes prepared by anodic aluminum oxide template method

Carbon nanotubes for ultrafast fibre lasers

Combustion synthesis of fullerenes and fullerenic nanostructures

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