Large Perennial Springs of Kentucky: Their Identification, Base Flow, Catchment, and Classification

Ray, Joseph A.; Blair, Robert J.

doi:10.1061/40796(177)44

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The tendency of larger tributaries to connect with the trunk stream on the outside of meander bends, and the general absence of confluences inside bends has been noted before (Callaway, 1902;Davis, 1903;Flint, 1980;Abrahams, 1984;Riley and Rhoads, 2012) has not been studied in the region, but has been noted elsewhere (Jennings et al, 1976;Frank and Jennings, 1979;Mylroie and Mylroie, 1990;Fabel et al, 1996;Worthington, 2005;Mocochain et al, 2009), and ground water flow studies in Kentucky have found evidence of meander by-passing by subsurface flow (Ray and Blair, 2005).…”

Section: Discussion and Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Surface drainage area and main channel length relationships for tributaries joining the Kentucky River on the outside versus inside of meander bends. 29 BADASS GEOMORPHOLOGY the region, but has been noted elsewhere (Jennings et al, 1976;Frank and Jennings, 1979;Mylroie and Mylroie, 1990;Fabel et al, 1996;Worthington, 2005;Mocochain et al, 2009), and groundwater flow studies in Kentucky have found evidence of meander by-passing by subsurface flow (Ray and Blair, 2005).…”

Section: Discussion and Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Badass geomorphology

Phillips

2014

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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The archetypal badass is individualistic, non-conformist, and able to produce disproportionate results. The badass concept is applied here to geomorphology. The individualistic concept of landscape evolution (ICLE) is introduced, based on three propositions: excess evolution space, capacity of all landforms to change, and variable selection pressure from environmental factors within and encompassing landscapes. ICLE indicates that geomorphic systems are idiosyncratic to some extent, and that even where two systems are similar, this is a happenstance of similar environmental selection, not an attractor state. As geomorphic systems are all individualistic, those that are also non-conformist with respect to conventional wisdoms and have amplifier effects are considered badass. Development of meander bends on a section of the Kentucky River illustrates these ideas. The divergence of karst and fluvial forms on the inner and outer bends represents unstable amplifying effects. The divergence is also individualistic, as it can be explained only by combining general laws governing surface and subsurface flow partitioning with a specific geographical and environmental setting and the history of Quaternary downcutting of the Kentucky River. Landscape evolution there does not conform to any conventional theories or conceptual frameworks of geomorphology. The badass traits of many geomorphic systems have implications for the systems themselves, attitudes toward geomorphic practice, and appreciation of landforms. Badass geomorphology and the ICLE reflect a view, and approach to the study of, landforms as the outcome of the interplay of general laws, place-specific controls, and history. Badass geomorphology also implies a research style receptive to contraventional This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.wisdoms. Aesthetically, amplifier effects and individualism guarantee an essentially infinite variety of landforms and landscapes that geoscientists can appreciate both artistically and scientifically. Non-conformity makes the interpretation and understanding of this variety more challenging-and while that increases the degree of difficulty, it also makes for more interesting and compelling professional challenges.

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Section: Discussion and Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussion and Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Badass geomorphology

Phillips

2014

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…For example, the basin for the Harrods Creek streamflow gage includes several developing suburban residential areas, and its hydrology is believed to be significantly affected by on-going land disturbance and changes in the percentage of pervious-to-impervious landsurface areas. The basin delineated for the streamflow gage on Nolin River (at White Mills, Kentucky) is located less than a few hundred feet from a large karst spring whose discharge, measured at approximately .2 m 3 /s at base flow (Ray and Blair, 2005), is partly diverted to a public water supplier, and is partly recharged by a subsurface meander cutoff conduit that diverts water from the river by way of several known upstream swallow holes (Mull and others, 1988). Nevertheless, these two basins were included in the evaluation in order to bolster the total number of karst test basins in the study and to expand the range of percent area of sinkhole drainage in the Western Pennyroyal and Outer Bluegrass karst terrains.…”

Section: Results Of Karst Test-basin Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase II modification of the Water Availability Tool for Environmental Resources (WATER) for Kentucky: The sinkhole-drainage process, point-and-click basin delineation, and results of karst test-basin simulations

Taylor¹,

Williamson²,

Newson³

et al. 2012

Scientific Investigations Report

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For more information on the USGS-the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS.For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprodTo order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner. AbstractThis report describes Phase II modifications made to the Water Availability Tool for Environmental Resources (WATER), which applies the process-based TOPMODEL approach to simulate or predict stream discharge in surface basins in the Commonwealth of Kentucky. The previous (Phase I) version of WATER did not provide a means of identifying sinkhole catchments or accounting for the effects of karst (internal) drainage in a TOPMODEL-simulated basin. In the Phase II version of WATER, sinkhole catchments are automatically identified and delineated as internally drained subbasins, and a modified TOPMODEL approach (called the sinkhole drainage process, or SDP-TOPMODEL) is applied that calculates mean daily discharges for the basin based on summed area-weighted contributions from sinkhole drainage (SD) areas and non-karstic topographically drained (TD) areas. Results obtained using the SDP-TOPMODEL approach were evaluated for 12 karst test basins located in each of the major karst terrains in Kentucky. Visual comparison of simulated hydrographs and flow-duration curves, along with statistical measures applied to the simulated discharge data (bias, correlation, root mean square error, and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients), indicate that the SDP-TOPMODEL approach provides acceptably accurate estimates of discharge for most flow conditions and typically provides more accurate simulation of stream discharge in karstic basins compared to the standard TOPMODEL approach.Additional programming modifications made to the Phase II version of WATER included implementation of a point-andclick graphical user interface (GUI), which fully automates the delineation of simulation-basin boundaries and improves the speed of input-data processing. The Phase II version of WATER enables the user to select a pour point anywhere on a stream reach of interest, and the program will automatically delineate all upstream areas that contribute drainage to that point. This capability enables automatic delineation of a simulation basin of any size (area) and having any level of stream-network complexity. WATER then automatically identifies the presence of sinkholes catchments within the simulation basin boundaries; extracts and compiles the necessary climatic, topographic, and basin characteristi...

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“…The stream continues beneath the Lost River Basin northward until it finally resurfaces at the Lost River Rise in Lampkin Park. The Lost River Rise has an average discharge of 0.35 m 3 s −1 (Ray and Blair, ) and is comprised of a mixture of Bowling Green city runoff and some agricultural runoff, as discovered in investigations by Crawford (, , , , ), Brewer and Crawford (), Cesin and Crawford (), and Nedvidek (). The Lost River basin is comprised of Mississippian‐aged St. Louis and Ste.…”

Section: Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal δ¹³C_DIC sourcing and geochemical flux in telogenetic epikarst of south‐central Kentucky

Jackson

Polk

2020

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Telogenetic epikarst carbon sourcing and transport processes and their associated hydrogeochemical responses are complex and dynamic. Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport rates in the epikarst zone are often driven by hydrogeochemical responses, which influence carbonate dissolution and conduit formation. This study examines the influence of land use on carbon sourcing and carbonate dissolution kinetics through a comparative analysis of separate, but similar, epikarst systems in south‐central Kentucky. The use of high‐resolution hydrogeochemical data from multiple data loggers and isotope analysis from collected water samples reflects the processes within these epikarst aquifers, which are estimated to contribute significantly to bedrock dissolution. Results indicate that, in an agricultural setting, long‐term variability and dissolution is governed by seasonal production of CO2. In a more urbanized, shallower epikarst system, land cover may affect CO2 transport between the soil and underlying bedrock. This concentration of CO2 potentially contributes to ongoing dissolution and conduit development, irrespective of seasonality. The observed responses in telogenetic epikarst systems seem to be more similar to eogenetic settings, which is suggested to be driven by CO2 transport occurring independent of high matrix porosity. The results of this study indicate site‐specific responses with respect to both geochemical and δ13CDIC changes on a seasonal scale, despite regional geologic similarities. The results indicate that further comparative analyses between rural and urban landscapes in other karst settings is needed to delineate the impact of land use and seasonality on dissolution and carbon sourcing during karst formation processes. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Large Perennial Springs of Kentucky: Their Identification, Base Flow, Catchment, and Classification

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Badass geomorphology

Badass geomorphology

Phase II modification of the <u>W</u>ater <u>A</u>vailability <u>T</u>ool for <u>E</u>nvironmental <u>R</u>esources (WATER) for Kentucky: The sinkhole-drainage process, point-and-click basin delineation, and results of karst test-basin simulations

Seasonal δ¹³C_DIC sourcing and geochemical flux in telogenetic epikarst of south‐central Kentucky

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Large Perennial Springs of Kentucky: Their Identification, Base Flow, Catchment, and Classification

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Badass geomorphology

Badass geomorphology

Phase II modification of the <u>W</u>ater <u>A</u>vailability <u>T</u>ool for <u>E</u>nvironmental <u>R</u>esources (WATER) for Kentucky: The sinkhole-drainage process, point-and-click basin delineation, and results of karst test-basin simulations

Seasonal δ13CDIC sourcing and geochemical flux in telogenetic epikarst of south‐central Kentucky

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Seasonal δ¹³C_DIC sourcing and geochemical flux in telogenetic epikarst of south‐central Kentucky